Question:
def words_string(s):
    """
    You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    to split the string into words and return an array of the words.

    For example:
    words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"]
    words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def words_string(s):
    """
    You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    to split the string into words and return an array of the words.

    For example:
    words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"]
    words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp3ase2603/solution.py", line 47, in <module>
    check(words_string)
  File "/tmp/tmp3ase2603/solution.py", line 44, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp3ase2603/solution.py", line 37, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

import re

def words_string(s):
    """
    You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    to split the string into words and return an array of the words.

    For example:
    words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"]
    words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"]
    """
    return re.split(r'[,\s]+', s.strip(', ')) if s.strip(', ') else []


Question:
def digitSum(s):
    """Task
    Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'
    ASCII codes.

    Examples:
        digitSum("") => 0
        digitSum("abAB") => 131
        digitSum("abcCd") => 67
        digitSum("helloE") => 69
        digitSum("woArBld") => 131
        digitSum("aAaaaXa") => 153
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def digitSum(s):
    """Task
    Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'
    ASCII codes.

    Examples:
        digitSum("") => 0
        digitSum("abAB") => 131
        digitSum("abcCd") => 67
        digitSum("helloE") => 69
        digitSum("woArBld") => 131
        digitSum("aAaaaXa") => 153
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def digitSum(s):
    """Task
    Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'
    ASCII codes.

    Examples:
        digitSum("") => 0
        digitSum("abAB") => 131
        digitSum("abcCd") => 67
        digitSum("helloE") => 69
        digitSum("woArBld") => 131
        digitSum("aAaaaXa") => 153
    """
    return sum(ord(char) for char in s if char.isupper())


Question:
def histogram(test):
    """Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary
    of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.
    If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.

    Example:
    histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}
    histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}
    histogram('') == {}

    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def histogram(test):
    """Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary
    of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.
    If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.

    Example:
    histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}
    histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}
    histogram('') == {}

    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def histogram(test):
    """Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary
    of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.
    If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.

    Example:
    histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}
    histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}
    histogram('') == {}

    """
    if not test:
        return {}

    words = test.split()
    counts = {}
    for char in words:
        counts[char] = counts.get(char, 0) + 1

    max_count = max(counts.values())
    return {k: v for k, v in counts.items() if v == max_count}


Question:
def count_upper(s):
    """
    Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.

    For example:
    count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1
    count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0
    count_upper('dBBE') returns 0
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def count_upper(s):
    """
    Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.

    For example:
    count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1
    count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0
    count_upper('dBBE') returns 0
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def count_upper(s):
    """
    Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.

    For example:
    count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1
    count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0
    count_upper('dBBE') returns 0
    """
    vowels = 'AEIOU'
    count = 0
    for i in range(0, len(s), 2):
        if s[i] in vowels:
            count += 1
    return count


Question:
def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """
    # bin(x).count('1') counts the set bits for positive integers.
    # For negative integers, the problem description mentions "non-negative integers"
    # but provides test cases with negatives. In Python, bin(-5) is '-0b101'.
    # To handle the provided test cases consistently, we use the absolute value
    # or the standard bin().count('1') which counts bits of the magnitude.
    return sorted(arr, key=lambda x: (bin(x).count('1'), x))


Question:
def is_bored(S):
    """
    You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
    of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
    Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.

    For example:
    >>> is_bored("Hello world")
    0
    >>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
    1
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def is_bored(S):
    """
    You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
    of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
    Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.

    For example:
    >>> is_bored("Hello world")
    0
    >>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
    1
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpqdcnv79m/solution.py", line 61, in <module>
    check(is_bored)
  File "/tmp/tmpqdcnv79m/solution.py", line 58, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpqdcnv79m/solution.py", line 51, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

import re

def is_bored(S):
    """
    You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
    of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
    Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.

    For example:
    >>> is_bored("Hello world")
    0
    >>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
    1
    """
    # Split the string by any of the delimiters '.', '?', or '!'
    sentences = re.split(r'[.?!]', S)

    count = 0
    for sentence in sentences:
        # Remove leading whitespace to check the first word
        stripped = sentence.lstrip()
        # Check if the sentence starts with the word "I" followed by a space or end of string
        if stripped.startswith("I ") or stripped == "I":
            count += 1

    return count


Question:
def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.

    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0

    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.

    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0

    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.

    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0

    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''
    total = 0
    for x in lst:
        if isinstance(x, int) and x >= 0 and x % 2 != 0:
            total += x**2
    return total


Question:
def flip_case(string: str) -> str:
    """ For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.
    >>> flip_case('Hello')
    'hELLO'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def flip_case(string: str) -> str:
    """ For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.
    >>> flip_case('Hello')
    'hELLO'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def flip_case(string: str) -> str:
    """ For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.
    >>> flip_case('Hello')
    'hELLO'
    """
    return string.swapcase()


Question:
def count_nums(arr):
    """
    Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns
    the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.
    If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:
    e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.
    >>> count_nums([]) == 0
    >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1
    >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def count_nums(arr):
    """
    Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns
    the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.
    If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:
    e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.
    >>> count_nums([]) == 0
    >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1
    >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def count_nums(arr):
    """
    Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns
    the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.
    If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:
    e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.
    >>> count_nums([]) == 0
    >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1
    >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3
    """
    count = 0
    for num in arr:
        s = str(num)
        digit_sum = 0
        for i in range(len(s)):
            if i == 0 and s[0] == '-':
                # The first digit of a negative number is negative
                # We look at the character at index 1
                if i + 1 < len(s):
                    digit_sum += -int(s[1])
                    # Skip the next character since we processed it
                    start_idx = 2
                else:
                    # Case for just "-" which shouldn't happen with ints
                    start_idx = len(s)
            else:
                # This part is tricky because of the loop.
                # Let's use a different approach for clarity.
                break

        # Re-implementing the sum logic clearly:
        s = str(num)
        current_sum = 0
        if s[0] == '-':
            # First digit is negative, others are positive
            # Handle case where num is just 0 or negative
            for i in range(1, len(s)):
                val = int(s[i])
                if i == 1:
                    current_sum -= val
                else:
                    current_sum += val
        else:
            for char in s:
                current_sum += int(char)

        if current_sum > 0:
            count += 1

    # The logic above has a slight bug with the loop.
    # Let's provide the clean, final version:

    final_count = 0
    for num in arr:
        s = str(num)
        if s[0] == '-':
            # First digit is negative, the rest are positive
            # e.g., -123 -> -1 + 2 + 3 = 4
            # Note: s[1] is the first digit
            d_sum = -int(s[1]) if len(s) > 1 else 0
            for i in range(2, len(s)):
                d_sum += int(s[i])
        else:
            d_sum = sum(int(d) for d in s)

        if d_sum > 0:
            final_count += 1
    return final_count

# Redefining to be concise and correct within the block
def count_nums(arr):
    count = 0
    for num in arr:
        s = str(num)
        if s[0] == '-':
            # First digit is negative, others positive
            # -123 -> -1 + 2 + 3
            d_sum = -int(s[1]) if len(s) > 1 else 0
            for i in range(2, len(s)):
                d_sum += int(s[i])
        else:
            d_sum = sum(int(d) for d in s)
        if d_sum > 0:
            count += 1
    return count


Question:
def monotonic(l: list):
    """Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.
    >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])
    True
    >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])
    False
    >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])
    True
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def monotonic(l: list):
    """Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.
    >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])
    True
    >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])
    False
    >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])
    True
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def monotonic(l: list):
    """Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.
    >>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])
    True
    >>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])
    False
    >>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])
    True
    """
    return (all(l[i] <= l[i + 1] for i in range(len(l) - 1)) or
            all(l[i] >= l[i + 1] for i in range(len(l) - 1)))


Question:
from typing import List

def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring
    >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')
    []
    >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')
    ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring
    >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')
    []
    >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')
    ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List

def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring
    >>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')
    []
    >>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')
    ['abc', 'bacd', 'array']
    """
    return [s for s in strings if substring in s]


Question:
def do_algebra(operator, operand):
    """
    Given two lists operator, and operand. The first list has basic algebra operations, and
    the second list is a list of integers. Use the two given lists to build the algebric
    expression and return the evaluation of this expression.

    The basic algebra operations:
    Addition ( + )
    Subtraction ( - )
    Multiplication ( * )
    Floor division ( // )
    Exponentiation ( ** )

    Example:
    operator['+', '*', '-']
    array = [2, 3, 4, 5]
    result = 2 + 3 * 4 - 5
    => result = 9

    Note:
        The length of operator list is equal to the length of operand list minus one.
        Operand is a list of of non-negative integers.
        Operator list has at least one operator, and operand list has at least two operands.

    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def do_algebra(operator, operand):
    """
    Given two lists operator, and operand. The first list has basic algebra operations, and
    the second list is a list of integers. Use the two given lists to build the algebric
    expression and return the evaluation of this expression.

    The basic algebra operations:
    Addition ( + )
    Subtraction ( - )
    Multiplication ( * )
    Floor division ( // )
    Exponentiation ( ** )

    Example:
    operator['+', '*', '-']
    array = [2, 3, 4, 5]
    result = 2 + 3 * 4 - 5
    => result = 9

    Note:
        The length of operator list is equal to the length of operand list minus one.
        Operand is a list of of non-negative integers.
        Operator list has at least one operator, and operand list has at least two operands.

    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def do_algebra(operator, operand):
    """
    Given two lists operator, and operand. The first list has basic algebra operations, and
    the second list is a list of integers. Use the two given lists to build the algebric
    expression and return the evaluation of this expression.

    The basic algebra operations:
    Addition ( + )
    Subtraction ( - )
    Multiplication ( * )
    Floor division ( // )
    Exponentiation ( ** )

    Example:
    operator['+', '*', '-']
    array = [2, 3, 4, 5]
    result = 2 + 3 * 4 - 5
    => result = 9

    Note:
        The length of operator list is equal to the length of operand list minus one.
        Operand is a list of of non-negative integers.
        Operator list has at least one operator, and operand list has at least two operands.

    """
    expression = str(operand[0])
    for i in range(len(operator)):
        expression += " " + operator[i] + " " + str(operand[i + 1])

    return eval(expression)


Question:
def even_odd_palindrome(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd
    integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.

    Example 1:

        Input: 3
        Output: (1, 2)
        Explanation:
        Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.

    Example 2:

        Input: 12
        Output: (4, 6)
        Explanation:
        Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.

    Note:
        1. 1 <= n <= 10^3
        2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def even_odd_palindrome(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd
    integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.

    Example 1:

        Input: 3
        Output: (1, 2)
        Explanation:
        Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.

    Example 2:

        Input: 12
        Output: (4, 6)
        Explanation:
        Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.

    Note:
        1. 1 <= n <= 10^3
        2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def even_odd_palindrome(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a tuple that has the number of even and odd
    integer palindromes that fall within the range(1, n), inclusive.

    Example 1:

        Input: 3
        Output: (1, 2)
        Explanation:
        Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3. one of them is even, and two of them are odd.

    Example 2:

        Input: 12
        Output: (4, 6)
        Explanation:
        Integer palindrome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. four of them are even, and 6 of them are odd.

    Note:
        1. 1 <= n <= 10^3
        2. returned tuple has the number of even and odd integer palindromes respectively.
    """
    even_count = 0
    odd_count = 0
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        s = str(i)
        if s == s[::-1]:
            if i % 2 == 0:
                even_count += 1
            else:
                odd_count += 1
    return (even_count, odd_count)


Question:
def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpvpenc4xl/solution.py", line 60, in <module>
    check(closest_integer)
  File "/tmp/tmpvpenc4xl/solution.py", line 57, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpvpenc4xl/solution.py", line 50, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

import decimal

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''
    # Use decimal module to handle precision and specific rounding modes
    # ROUND_HALF_UP rounds towards the nearest neighbor, with ties going away from zero
    num = decimal.Decimal(value)
    rounded = num.quantize(decimal.Decimal('1'), rounding=decimal.ROUND_HALF_UP)
    return int(rounded)


Question:
def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpkqktzu66/solution.py", line 53, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmpkqktzu66/solution.py", line 50, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpkqktzu66/solution.py", line 43, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """
    def get_digit_sum(n):
        # Use absolute value to handle negative numbers
        return sum(int(digit) for digit in str(abs(n)))

    # Python's sort is stable, so we only need to sort by the digit sum.
    # The original relative order (index) will be preserved for ties.
    return sorted(nums, key=get_digit_sum)


Question:
def circular_shift(x, shift):
    """Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift
    and return the result as a string.
    If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.
    >>> circular_shift(12, 1)
    "21"
    >>> circular_shift(12, 2)
    "12"
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def circular_shift(x, shift):
    """Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift
    and return the result as a string.
    If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.
    >>> circular_shift(12, 1)
    "21"
    >>> circular_shift(12, 2)
    "12"
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def circular_shift(x, shift):
    """Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift
    and return the result as a string.
    If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.
    >>> circular_shift(12, 1)
    "21"
    >>> circular_shift(12, 2)
    "12"
    """
    s = str(x)
    n = len(s)
    if shift > n:
        return s[::-1]
    if n == 0:
        return s

    shift = shift % n
    if shift == 0:
        return s

    return s[-shift:] + s[:-shift]


Question:
def triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):
    """
    triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.

    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):
    """
    triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.

    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):
    """
    triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.

    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """
    n = len(l)
    if n < 3:
        return False

    # Sort the list to use the two-pointer approach
    nums = sorted(l)

    for i in range(n - 2):
        # To avoid duplicate checks for the same first element
        if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i-1]:
            continue

        left = i + 1
        right = n - 1

        while left < right:
            current_sum = nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right]
            if current_sum == 0:
                return True
            elif current_sum < 0:
                left += 1
            else:
                right -= 1

    return False


Question:
from typing import List

def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:
    """ Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.
    Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.
    >>> string_xor('010', '110')
    '100'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:
    """ Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.
    Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.
    >>> string_xor('010', '110')
    '100'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List

def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:
    """ Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.
    Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.
    >>> string_xor('010', '110')
    '100'
    """
    return "".join('1' if a[i] != b[i] else '0' for i in range(len(a)))


Question:
from typing import List

def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:
    """ Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,
    such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1
    >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])
    [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:
    """ Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,
    such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1
    >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])
    [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List

def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:
    """ Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,
    such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1
    >>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])
    [0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]
    """
    min_val = min(numbers)
    max_val = max(numbers)

    if max_val == min_val:
        return [0.0] * len(numbers)

    range_val = max_val - min_val
    return [(x - min_val) / range_val for x in numbers]


Question:
def encode_shift(s: str):
    """
    returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.
    """
    return "".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord("a")) % 26) + ord("a")) for ch in s])

def decode_shift(s: str):
    """
    takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def encode_shift(s: str):
    """
    returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.
    """
    return "".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord("a")) % 26) + ord("a")) for ch in s])

def decode_shift(s: str):
    """
    takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def encode_shift(s: str):
    """
    returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.
    """
    return "".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord("a")) % 26) + ord("a")) for ch in s])

def decode_shift(s: str):
    """
    takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.
    """
    return "".join([chr(((ord(ch) - 5 - ord("a")) % 26) + ord("a")) for ch in s])


Question:
from typing import List

def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
    """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
    Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
    >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
    [1, 3, 4]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
    """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
    Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
    >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
    [1, 3, 4]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List
from collections import Counter

def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
    """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
    Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
    >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
    [1, 3, 4]
    """
    counts = Counter(numbers)
    return [x for x in numbers if counts[x] == 1]


Question:
def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:
    """ Test if given string is a palindrome """
    return string == string[::-1]

def make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:
    """ Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.
    Algorithm idea is simple:
    - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.
    - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.
    >>> make_palindrome('')
    ''
    >>> make_palindrome('cat')
    'catac'
    >>> make_palindrome('cata')
    'catac'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:
    """ Test if given string is a palindrome """
    return string == string[::-1]

def make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:
    """ Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.
    Algorithm idea is simple:
    - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.
    - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.
    >>> make_palindrome('')
    ''
    >>> make_palindrome('cat')
    'catac'
    >>> make_palindrome('cata')
    'catac'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:
    """ Test if given string is a palindrome """
    return string == string[::-1]

def make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:
    """ Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.
    Algorithm idea is simple:
    - Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.
    - Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.
    >>> make_palindrome('')
    ''
    >>> make_palindrome('cat')
    'catac'
    >>> make_palindrome('cata')
    'catac'
    """
    if not string:
        return ''

    for i in range(len(string)):
        suffix = string[i:]
        if is_palindrome(suffix):
            prefix = string[:i]
            return string + prefix[::-1]

    return string + string[:-1][::-1]


Question:
def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:
    """ Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.
    >>> how_many_times('', 'a')
    0
    >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')
    3
    >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')
    3
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:
    """ Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.
    >>> how_many_times('', 'a')
    0
    >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')
    3
    >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')
    3
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:
    """ Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.
    >>> how_many_times('', 'a')
    0
    >>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')
    3
    >>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')
    3
    """
    if not substring:
        return 0

    count = 0
    for i in range(len(string) - len(substring) + 1):
        if string[i : i + len(substring)] == substring:
            count += 1
    return count


Question:
def strlen(string: str) -> int:
    """ Return length of given string
    >>> strlen('')
    0
    >>> strlen('abc')
    3
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def strlen(string: str) -> int:
    """ Return length of given string
    >>> strlen('')
    0
    >>> strlen('abc')
    3
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def strlen(string: str) -> int:
    """ Return length of given string
    >>> strlen('')
    0
    >>> strlen('abc')
    3
    """
    return len(string)


Question:
def add(lst):
    """Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..

    Examples:
        add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def add(lst):
    """Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..

    Examples:
        add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def add(lst):
    """Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..

    Examples:
        add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2
    """
    return sum(val for i, val in enumerate(lst) if i % 2 != 0 and val % 2 == 0)


Question:
def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):
    """Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers
    Example
    is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):
    """Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers
    Example
    is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):
    """Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers
    Example
    is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True
    """
    # The smallest sum of 4 positive even numbers is 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8.
    # Any sum of even numbers must be even.
    return n >= 8 and n % 2 == 0


Question:
def eat(number, need, remaining):
    """
    You're a hungry rabbit, and you already have eaten a certain number of carrots,
    but now you need to eat more carrots to complete the day's meals.
    you should return an array of [ total number of eaten carrots after your meals,
                                    the number of carrots left after your meals ]
    if there are not enough remaining carrots, you will eat all remaining carrots, but will still be hungry.

    Example:
    * eat(5, 6, 10) -> [11, 4]
    * eat(4, 8, 9) -> [12, 1]
    * eat(1, 10, 10) -> [11, 0]
    * eat(2, 11, 5) -> [7, 0]

    Variables:
    @number : integer
        the number of carrots that you have eaten.
    @need : integer
        the number of carrots that you need to eat.
    @remaining : integer
        the number of remaining carrots thet exist in stock

    Constrain:
    * 0 <= number <= 1000
    * 0 <= need <= 1000
    * 0 <= remaining <= 1000

    Have fun :)
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def eat(number, need, remaining):
    """
    You're a hungry rabbit, and you already have eaten a certain number of carrots,
    but now you need to eat more carrots to complete the day's meals.
    you should return an array of [ total number of eaten carrots after your meals,
                                    the number of carrots left after your meals ]
    if there are not enough remaining carrots, you will eat all remaining carrots, but will still be hungry.

    Example:
    * eat(5, 6, 10) -> [11, 4]
    * eat(4, 8, 9) -> [12, 1]
    * eat(1, 10, 10) -> [11, 0]
    * eat(2, 11, 5) -> [7, 0]

    Variables:
    @number : integer
        the number of carrots that you have eaten.
    @need : integer
        the number of carrots that you need to eat.
    @remaining : integer
        the number of remaining carrots thet exist in stock

    Constrain:
    * 0 <= number <= 1000
    * 0 <= need <= 1000
    * 0 <= remaining <= 1000

    Have fun :)
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def eat(number, need, remaining):
    """
    You're a hungry rabbit, and you already have eaten a certain number of carrots,
    but now you need to eat more carrots to complete the day's meals.
    you should return an array of [ total number of eaten carrots after your meals,
                                    the number of carrots left after your meals ]
    if there are not enough remaining carrots, you will eat all remaining carrots, but will still be hungry.

    Example:
    * eat(5, 6, 10) -> [11, 4]
    * eat(4, 8, 9) -> [12, 1]
    * eat(1, 10, 10) -> [11, 0]
    * eat(2, 11, 5) -> [7, 0]

    Variables:
    @number : integer
        the number of carrots that you have eaten.
    @need : integer
        the number of carrots that you need to eat.
    @remaining : integer
        the number of remaining carrots thet exist in stock

    Constrain:
    * 0 <= number <= 1000
    * 0 <= need <= 1000
    * 0 <= remaining <= 1000

    Have fun :)
    """
    eaten_now = min(need, remaining)
    return [number + eaten_now, remaining - eaten_now]


Question:
def minSubArraySum(nums):
    """
    Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array
    of nums.
    Example
    minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1
    minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def minSubArraySum(nums):
    """
    Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array
    of nums.
    Example
    minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1
    minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def minSubArraySum(nums):
    """
    Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array
    of nums.
    Example
    minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1
    minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6
    """
    if not nums:
        return 0

    min_sum = current_sum = nums[0]

    for x in nums[1:]:
        current_sum = min(x, current_sum + x)
        min_sum = min(min_sum, current_sum)

    return min_sum


Question:
def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """
    words = s.split(' ')
    sorted_words = [''.join(sorted(word)) for word in words]
    return ' '.join(sorted_words)


Question:
from typing import List

def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List

def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """
    mapping = {
        'o': 4,
        'o|': 2,
        '.|': 1
    }

    notes = music_string.split()
    return [mapping[note] for note in notes]


Question:
def get_odd_collatz(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.

    The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined
    as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the
    previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of
    the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous
    term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.

    Note:
        1. Collatz(1) is [1].
        2. returned list sorted in increasing order.

    For example:
    get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def get_odd_collatz(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.

    The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined
    as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the
    previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of
    the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous
    term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.

    Note:
        1. Collatz(1) is [1].
        2. returned list sorted in increasing order.

    For example:
    get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def get_odd_collatz(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.

    The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined
    as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the
    previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of
    the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous
    term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.

    Note:
        1. Collatz(1) is [1].
        2. returned list sorted in increasing order.

    For example:
    get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.
    """
    odds = []
    curr = n
    while True:
        if curr % 2 != 0:
            odds.append(curr)
        if curr == 1:
            break
        if curr % 2 == 0:
            curr = curr // 2
        else:
            curr = 3 * curr + 1

    return sorted(odds)


Question:
def pluck(arr):
    """
    "Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes
    your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.
    The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.
    If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.

    The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],
    If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].

    Example 1:
        Input: [4,2,3]
        Output: [2, 1]
        Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.

    Example 2:
        Input: [1,2,3]
        Output: [2, 1]
        Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.

    Example 3:
        Input: []
        Output: []

    Example 4:
        Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]
        Output: [0, 1]
        Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but  there are two zeros,
                     so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.

    Constraints:
        * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000
        * 0 <= node.value
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def pluck(arr):
    """
    "Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes
    your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.
    The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.
    If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.

    The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],
    If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].

    Example 1:
        Input: [4,2,3]
        Output: [2, 1]
        Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.

    Example 2:
        Input: [1,2,3]
        Output: [2, 1]
        Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.

    Example 3:
        Input: []
        Output: []

    Example 4:
        Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]
        Output: [0, 1]
        Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but  there are two zeros,
                     so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.

    Constraints:
        * 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000
        * 0 <= node.value
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def pluck(arr):
    """
    "Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes
    your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.
    The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.
    If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.

    The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],
    If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].
    """
    smallest_even = float('inf')
    smallest_index = -1

    for i in range(len(arr)):
        val = arr[i]
        if val % 2 == 0:
            if val < smallest_even:
                smallest_even = val
                smallest_index = i

    if smallest_index == -1:
        return []

    return [smallest_even, smallest_index]


Question:
def same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):
    """
    Check if two words have the same characters.
    >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')
    True
    >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')
    True
    >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')
    True
    >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')
    False
    >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')
    False
    >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')
    False
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):
    """
    Check if two words have the same characters.
    >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')
    True
    >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')
    True
    >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')
    True
    >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')
    False
    >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')
    False
    >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')
    False
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):
    """
    Check if two words have the same characters.
    >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')
    True
    >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')
    True
    >>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')
    True
    >>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')
    False
    >>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')
    False
    >>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')
    False
    """
    return set(s0) == set(s1)


Question:
def intersection(interval1, interval2):
    """You are given two intervals,
    where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).
    The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)
    includes both start and end.
    For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.
    Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two
    intervals is a prime number.
    Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)
    which its length is 1, which not a prime number.
    If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return "YES",
    otherwise, return "NO".
    If the two intervals don't intersect, return "NO".

    [input/output] samples:
    intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> "YES"
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def intersection(interval1, interval2):
    """You are given two intervals,
    where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).
    The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)
    includes both start and end.
    For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.
    Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two
    intervals is a prime number.
    Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)
    which its length is 1, which not a prime number.
    If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return "YES",
    otherwise, return "NO".
    If the two intervals don't intersect, return "NO".

    [input/output] samples:
    intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> "YES"
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def intersection(interval1, interval2):
    """You are given two intervals,
    where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).
    The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)
    includes both start and end.
    For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.
    Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two
    intervals is a prime number.
    Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)
    which its length is 1, which not a prime number.
    If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return "YES",
    otherwise, return "NO".
    If the two intervals don't intersect, return "NO".

    [input/output] samples:
    intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> "YES"
    """
    start1, end1 = interval1
    start2, end2 = interval2

    # Find the intersection boundaries
    inter_start = max(start1, start2)
    inter_end = min(end1, end2)

    # If they don't intersect or the intersection is a point/empty
    if inter_start >= inter_end:
        # Note: if inter_start == inter_end, length is 0, which is not prime.
        # If inter_start > inter_end, they don't intersect.
        return "NO"

    length = inter_end - inter_start

    # Prime number check
    if length < 2:
        return "NO"
    for i in range(2, int(length**0.5) + 1):
        if length % i == 0:
            return "NO"

    return "YES"


Question:
from typing import List

def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
    around the mean of this dataset.
    Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
    element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
    MAD = average | x - x_mean |
    >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
    1.0
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
    around the mean of this dataset.
    Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
    element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
    MAD = average | x - x_mean |
    >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
    1.0
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List

def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
    around the mean of this dataset.
    Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
    element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
    MAD = average | x - x_mean |
    >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
    1.0
    """
    if not numbers:
        return 0.0

    mean = sum(numbers) / len(numbers)
    absolute_diffs = [abs(x - mean) for x in numbers]
    return sum(absolute_diffs) / len(numbers)


Question:
def specialFilter(nums):
    """Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns
    the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both
    first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).
    For example:
    specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1
    specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def specialFilter(nums):
    """Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns
    the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both
    first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).
    For example:
    specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1
    specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def specialFilter(nums):
    """Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns
    the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both
    first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).
    For example:
    specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1
    specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2
    """
    count = 0
    odd_digits = {'1', '3', '5', '7', '9'}
    for num in nums:
        if num > 10:
            s = str(num)
            if s[0] in odd_digits and s[-1] in odd_digits:
                count += 1
    return count


Question:
def special_factorial(n):
    """The Brazilian factorial is defined as:
    brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!
    where n > 0

    For example:
    >>> special_factorial(4)
    288

    The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special
    factorial of this integer.
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def special_factorial(n):
    """The Brazilian factorial is defined as:
    brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!
    where n > 0

    For example:
    >>> special_factorial(4)
    288

    The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special
    factorial of this integer.
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def special_factorial(n):
    """The Brazilian factorial is defined as:
    brazilian_factorial(n) = n! * (n-1)! * (n-2)! * ... * 1!
    where n > 0

    For example:
    >>> special_factorial(4)
    288

    The function will receive an integer as input and should return the special
    factorial of this integer.
    """
    total_product = 1
    current_factorial = 1
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        current_factorial *= i
        total_product *= current_factorial
    return total_product


Question:
def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """
    evens = 0
    odds = 0
    for digit in str(abs(num)):
        if int(digit) % 2 == 0:
            evens += 1
        else:
            odds += 1
    return (evens, odds)


Question:
def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """
    seen = set()
    for num in l:
        if -num in seen:
            return True
        seen.add(num)
    return False


Question:
def max_element(l: list):
    """Return maximum element in the list.
    >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])
    3
    >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])
    123
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def max_element(l: list):
    """Return maximum element in the list.
    >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])
    3
    >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])
    123
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def max_element(l: list):
    """Return maximum element in the list.
    >>> max_element([1, 2, 3])
    3
    >>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])
    123
    """
    return max(l)


Question:
def reverse_delete(s,c):
    """Task
    We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c
    then check if the result string is palindrome.
    A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.
    You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.
    Example
    For s = "abcde", c = "ae", the result should be ('bcd',False)
    For s = "abcdef", c = "b"  the result should be ('acdef',False)
    For s = "abcdedcba", c = "ab", the result should be ('cdedc',True)
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def reverse_delete(s,c):
    """Task
    We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c
    then check if the result string is palindrome.
    A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.
    You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.
    Example
    For s = "abcde", c = "ae", the result should be ('bcd',False)
    For s = "abcdef", c = "b"  the result should be ('acdef',False)
    For s = "abcdedcba", c = "ab", the result should be ('cdedc',True)
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def reverse_delete(s,c):
    """Task
    We are given two strings s and c, you have to deleted all the characters in s that are equal to any character in c
    then check if the result string is palindrome.
    A string is called palindrome if it reads the same backward as forward.
    You should return a tuple containing the result string and True/False for the check.
    Example
    For s = "abcde", c = "ae", the result should be ('bcd',False)
    For s = "abcdef", c = "b"  the result should be ('acdef',False)
    For s = "abcdedcba", c = "ab", the result should be ('cdedc',True)
    """
    result_string = "".join([char for char in s if char not in c])
    is_palindrome = result_string == result_string[::-1]
    return (result_string, is_palindrome)


Question:
def get_row(lst, x):
    """
    You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,
    which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,
    each row may contain a different number of columns.
    Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,
    and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that
    each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.
    Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.
    Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.

    Examples:
    get_row([
      [1,2,3,4,5,6],
      [1,2,3,4,1,6],
      [1,2,3,4,5,1]
    ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]
    get_row([], 1) == []
    get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def get_row(lst, x):
    """
    You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,
    which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,
    each row may contain a different number of columns.
    Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,
    and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that
    each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.
    Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.
    Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.

    Examples:
    get_row([
      [1,2,3,4,5,6],
      [1,2,3,4,1,6],
      [1,2,3,4,5,1]
    ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]
    get_row([], 1) == []
    get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def get_row(lst, x):
    """
    You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,
    which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,
    each row may contain a different number of columns.
    Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,
    and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that
    each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.
    Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.
    Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.

    Examples:
    get_row([
      [1,2,3,4,5,6],
      [1,2,3,4,1,6],
      [1,2,3,4,5,1]
    ], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]
    get_row([], 1) == []
    get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]
    """
    result = []
    for r_idx, row in enumerate(lst):
        # Find all column indices where the value is x
        cols = [c_idx for c_idx, val in enumerate(row) if val == x]
        # Sort column indices in descending order
        cols.sort(reverse=True)
        # Append as tuples (row, col)
        for c_idx in cols:
            result.append((r_idx, c_idx))
    return result


Question:
def fibfib(n: int):
    """The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:
    fibfib(0) == 0
    fibfib(1) == 0
    fibfib(2) == 1
    fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).
    Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.
    >>> fibfib(1)
    0
    >>> fibfib(5)
    4
    >>> fibfib(8)
    24
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def fibfib(n: int):
    """The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:
    fibfib(0) == 0
    fibfib(1) == 0
    fibfib(2) == 1
    fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).
    Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.
    >>> fibfib(1)
    0
    >>> fibfib(5)
    4
    >>> fibfib(8)
    24
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def fibfib(n: int):
    """The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:
    fibfib(0) == 0
    fibfib(1) == 0
    fibfib(2) == 1
    fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).
    Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.
    >>> fibfib(1)
    0
    >>> fibfib(5)
    4
    >>> fibfib(8)
    24
    """
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    if n == 1:
        return 0
    if n == 2:
        return 1

    a, b, c = 0, 0, 1
    for _ in range(3, n + 1):
        a, b, c = b, c, a + b + c
    return c


Question:
def rounded_avg(n, m):
    """You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the
    average of the integers from n through m (including n and m).
    Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.
    If n is greater than m, return -1.
    Example:
    rounded_avg(1, 5) => "0b11"
    rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1
    rounded_avg(10, 20) => "0b1111"
    rounded_avg(20, 33) => "0b11010"
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def rounded_avg(n, m):
    """You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the
    average of the integers from n through m (including n and m).
    Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.
    If n is greater than m, return -1.
    Example:
    rounded_avg(1, 5) => "0b11"
    rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1
    rounded_avg(10, 20) => "0b1111"
    rounded_avg(20, 33) => "0b11010"
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def rounded_avg(n, m):
    """You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the
    average of the integers from n through m (including n and m).
    Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.
    If n is greater than m, return -1.
    Example:
    rounded_avg(1, 5) => "0b11"
    rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1
    rounded_avg(10, 20) => "0b1111"
    rounded_avg(20, 33) => "0b11010"
    """
    if n > m:
        return -1

    # The sum of integers from n to m is (n + m) * (m - n + 1) / 2
    # The average is sum / count, where count is (m - n + 1)
    # Average = (n + m) / 2
    avg = (n + m) / 2

    # Round to nearest integer. Python's round() rounds to the nearest even
    # number for .5 cases. The standard mathematical rounding for this
    # problem usually implies rounding .5 up.
    rounded_val = int(avg + 0.5) if avg % 1 == 0.5 else round(avg)

    # However, for the provided examples:
    # (1+5)/2 = 3 -> 0b11
    # (10+20)/2 = 15 -> 0b1111
    # (20+33)/2 = 26.5 -> 27 -> 0b11011 (Wait, example says 0b11010 which is 26)
    # Let's re-evaluate: 26.5 rounded to 26 means round() is used (round to even).
    # round(26.5) = 26. bin(26) = '0b11010'.

    return bin(round(avg))


Question:
def sort_array(array):
    """
    Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,
    you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,
    or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.

    Note:
    * don't change the given array.

    Examples:
    * sort_array([]) => []
    * sort_array([5]) => [5]
    * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def sort_array(array):
    """
    Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,
    you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,
    or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.

    Note:
    * don't change the given array.

    Examples:
    * sort_array([]) => []
    * sort_array([5]) => [5]
    * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def sort_array(array):
    """
    Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,
    you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,
    or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.

    Note:
    * don't change the given array.

    Examples:
    * sort_array([]) => []
    * sort_array([5]) => [5]
    * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    * sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
    """
    if not array:
        return []

    # Calculate sum of first and last index values
    sum_val = array[0] + array[-1]

    # Create a copy to avoid mutating the original array
    new_array = sorted(array)

    if sum_val % 2 == 0:
        # Even: Descending order
        return new_array[::-1]
    else:
        # Odd: Ascending order
        return new_array


Question:
def unique(l: list):
    """Return sorted unique elements in a list
    >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def unique(l: list):
    """Return sorted unique elements in a list
    >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def unique(l: list):
    """Return sorted unique elements in a list
    >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]
    """
    return sorted(list(set(l)))


Question:
import math

def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])

def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math

def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])

def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpr558x22v/solution.py", line 74, in <module>
    check(find_zero)
  File "/tmp/tmpr558x22v/solution.py", line 71, in check
    assert _poly(*candidate(*inp), inp) <= 0.0001
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not float

# Answer

import math

def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])

def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """
    # Bisection method
    # Since the polynomial has an odd degree (even number of coefficients),
    # it must have at least one real root.

    # Find a range [a, b] where the function changes sign
    # Cauchy's bound for roots: |x| < 1 + max(|a_i| / |a_n|)
    a_n = xs[-1]
    max_coeff = max(abs(c) for c in xs)
    bound = 1 + max_coeff / abs(a_n)

    low = -bound
    high = bound

    # Ensure we have a sign change
    if poly(xs, low) * poly(xs, high) > 0:
        # This case shouldn't happen for odd degree polynomials with the Cauchy bound,
        # but we can expand the search if necessary.
        low -= 100
        high += 100

    # Binary search for the root
    for _ in range(100):
        mid = (low + high) / 2
        if poly(xs, mid) == 0:
            return mid
        if poly(xs, low) * poly(xs, mid) < 0:
            high = mid
        else:
            low = mid

    return (low + high) / 2


Question:
def make_a_pile(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.
    The first level has n stones.
    The number of stones in the next level is:
        - the next odd number if n is odd.
        - the next even number if n is even.
    Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index
    i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).

    Examples:
    >>> make_a_pile(3)
    [3, 5, 7]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def make_a_pile(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.
    The first level has n stones.
    The number of stones in the next level is:
        - the next odd number if n is odd.
        - the next even number if n is even.
    Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index
    i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).

    Examples:
    >>> make_a_pile(3)
    [3, 5, 7]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def make_a_pile(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.
    The first level has n stones.
    The number of stones in the next level is:
        - the next odd number if n is odd.
        - the next even number if n is even.
    Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index
    i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).

    Examples:
    >>> make_a_pile(3)
    [3, 5, 7]
    """
    result = []
    current = n
    for _ in range(n):
        result.append(current)
        current += 2
    return result


Question:
from typing import List, Optional

def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
    """ Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple
    strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.
    >>> longest([])

    >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])
    'a'
    >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])
    'ccc'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List, Optional

def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
    """ Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple
    strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.
    >>> longest([])

    >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])
    'a'
    >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])
    'ccc'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List, Optional

def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
    """ Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple
    strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.
    >>> longest([])
    None
    >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])
    'a'
    >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])
    'ccc'
    """
    if not strings:
        return None

    return max(strings, key=len)


Question:
def sum_to_n(n: int):
    """sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.
    >>> sum_to_n(30)
    465
    >>> sum_to_n(100)
    5050
    >>> sum_to_n(5)
    15
    >>> sum_to_n(10)
    55
    >>> sum_to_n(1)
    1
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def sum_to_n(n: int):
    """sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.
    >>> sum_to_n(30)
    465
    >>> sum_to_n(100)
    5050
    >>> sum_to_n(5)
    15
    >>> sum_to_n(10)
    55
    >>> sum_to_n(1)
    1
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def sum_to_n(n: int):
    """sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.
    >>> sum_to_n(30)
    465
    >>> sum_to_n(100)
    5050
    >>> sum_to_n(5)
    15
    >>> sum_to_n(10)
    55
    >>> sum_to_n(1)
    1
    """
    return n * (n + 1) // 2


Question:
def hex_key(num):
    """You have been tasked to write a function that receives
    a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal
    digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number
    greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).
    Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
    Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...
    So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7,
    B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).
    Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string,
    and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.
    Examples:
    For num = "AB" the output should be 1.
    For num = "1077E" the output should be 2.
    For num = "ABED1A33" the output should be 4.
    For num = "123456789ABCDEF0" the output should be 6.
    For num = "2020" the output should be 2.
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def hex_key(num):
    """You have been tasked to write a function that receives
    a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal
    digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number
    greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).
    Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
    Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...
    So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7,
    B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).
    Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string,
    and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.
    Examples:
    For num = "AB" the output should be 1.
    For num = "1077E" the output should be 2.
    For num = "ABED1A33" the output should be 4.
    For num = "123456789ABCDEF0" the output should be 6.
    For num = "2020" the output should be 2.
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def hex_key(num):
    """You have been tasked to write a function that receives
    a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal
    digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number
    greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).
    Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
    Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...
    So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7,
    B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).
    Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string,
    and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.
    Examples:
    For num = "AB" the output should be 1.
    For num = "1077E" the output should be 2.
    For num = "ABED1A33" the output should be 4.
    For num = "123456789ABCDEF0" the output should be 6.
    For num = "2020" the output should be 2.
    """
    primes = {'2', '3', '5', '7', 'B', 'D'}
    count = 0
    for char in num:
        if char in primes:
            count += 1
    return count


Question:
def add(x: int, y: int):
    """Add two numbers x and y
    >>> add(2, 3)
    5
    >>> add(5, 7)
    12
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def add(x: int, y: int):
    """Add two numbers x and y
    >>> add(2, 3)
    5
    >>> add(5, 7)
    12
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def add(x: int, y: int):
    """Add two numbers x and y
    >>> add(2, 3)
    5
    >>> add(5, 7)
    12
    """
    return x + y


Question:
def Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):
    """You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.
    The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The
    strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase
    letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters
    in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM.
    You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this
    format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.
    If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should
    choose the one that comes first in the list.
    For example, if you are given "Slices" as the class and a list of the
    extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should
    return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension
    (its strength is -1).
    Example:
    for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):
    """You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.
    The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The
    strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase
    letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters
    in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM.
    You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this
    format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.
    If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should
    choose the one that comes first in the list.
    For example, if you are given "Slices" as the class and a list of the
    extensions: ['SErviNGSliCes', 'Cheese', 'StuFfed'] then you should
    return 'Slices.SErviNGSliCes' since 'SErviNGSliCes' is the strongest extension
    (its strength is -1).
    Example:
    for Strongest_Extension('my_class', ['AA', 'Be', 'CC']) == 'my_class.AA'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def Strongest_Extension(class_name, extensions):
    """You will be given the name of a class (a string) and a list of extensions.
    The extensions are to be used to load additional classes to the class. The
    strength of the extension is as follows: Let CAP be the number of the uppercase
    letters in the extension's name, and let SM be the number of lowercase letters
    in the extension's name, the strength is given by the fraction CAP - SM.
    You should find the strongest extension and return a string in this
    format: ClassName.StrongestExtensionName.
    If there are two or more extensions with the same strength, you should
    choose the one that comes first in the list.
    """
    max_strength = float('-inf')
    strongest_ext = ""

    for ext in extensions:
        cap = sum(1 for char in ext if char.isupper())
        sm = sum(1 for char in ext if char.islower())
        strength = cap - sm

        if strength > max_strength:
            max_strength = strength
            strongest_ext = ext

    return f"{class_name}.{strongest_ext}"