Question:
def split_words(txt):
    '''
    Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you
    should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the
    alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25
    Examples
    split_words("Hello world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("Hello,world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("abcdef") == 3
    '''

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def split_words(txt):
    '''
    Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you
    should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the
    alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25
    Examples
    split_words("Hello world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("Hello,world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("abcdef") == 3
    '''

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def split_words(txt):
    if ' ' in txt:
        return txt.split()
    elif ',' in txt:
        return txt.split(',')
    else:
        count = 0
        for char in txt:
            if char.islower():
                order = ord(char) - ord('a')
                if order % 2 == 1:
                    count += 1
        return count


Question:
def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """
    words = s.split(' ')
    result = []
    for word in words:
        sorted_word = ''.join(sorted(word))
        result.append(sorted_word)
    return ' '.join(result)


Question:
def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores,
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces,
    then replace all consecutive spaces with -

    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores,
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces,
    then replace all consecutive spaces with -

    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores,
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces,
    then replace all consecutive spaces with -

    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """
    result = []
    i = 0
    while i < len(text):
        if text[i] == ' ':
            # Count consecutive spaces
            j = i
            while j < len(text) and text[j] == ' ':
                j += 1
            space_count = j - i
            if space_count > 2:
                result.append('-')
            else:
                result.append('_' * space_count)
            i = j
        else:
            result.append(text[i])
            i += 1
    return ''.join(result)


Question:
def encrypt(s):
    """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated.
    The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters
    shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    For example:
    encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
    encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
    encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
    encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def encrypt(s):
    """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated.
    The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters
    shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    For example:
    encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
    encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
    encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
    encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def encrypt(s):
    """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated.
    The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters
    shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    For example:
    encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
    encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
    encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
    encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
    """
    result = []
    for char in s:
        if char.isalpha():
            if char.islower():
                base = ord('a')
            else:
                base = ord('A')
            shifted = (ord(char) - base + 4) % 26 + base
            result.append(chr(shifted))
        else:
            result.append(char)
    return ''.join(result)


Question:
def is_happy(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.
    A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct
    For example:
    is_happy(a) => False
    is_happy(aa) => False
    is_happy(abcd) => True
    is_happy(aabb) => False
    is_happy(adb) => True
    is_happy(xyy) => False
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def is_happy(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.
    A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct
    For example:
    is_happy(a) => False
    is_happy(aa) => False
    is_happy(abcd) => True
    is_happy(aabb) => False
    is_happy(adb) => True
    is_happy(xyy) => False
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def is_happy(s):
    if len(s) < 3:
        return False
    for i in range(len(s) - 2):
        if s[i] == s[i+1] or s[i+1] == s[i+2] or s[i] == s[i+2]:
            return False
    return True


Question:
def below_threshold(l: list, t: int):
    """Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.
    >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)
    True
    >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)
    False
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def below_threshold(l: list, t: int):
    """Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.
    >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)
    True
    >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)
    False
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def below_threshold(l: list, t: int):
    """Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.
    >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)
    True
    >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)
    False
    """
    return all(x < t for x in l)


Question:
def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:
    """ For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n
    >>> largest_divisor(15)
    5
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:
    """ For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n
    >>> largest_divisor(15)
    5
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:
    """ For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n
    >>> largest_divisor(15)
    5
    """
    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):
        if n % i == 0:
            return i
    return 1


Question:
def prime_fib(n: int):
    """
    prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.
    >>> prime_fib(1)
    2
    >>> prime_fib(2)
    3
    >>> prime_fib(3)
    5
    >>> prime_fib(4)
    13
    >>> prime_fib(5)
    89
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def prime_fib(n: int):
    """
    prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.
    >>> prime_fib(1)
    2
    >>> prime_fib(2)
    3
    >>> prime_fib(3)
    5
    >>> prime_fib(4)
    13
    >>> prime_fib(5)
    89
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def prime_fib(n: int):
    """
    prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.
    >>> prime_fib(1)
    2
    >>> prime_fib(2)
    3
    >>> prime_fib(3)
    5
    >>> prime_fib(4)
    13
    >>> prime_fib(5)
    89
    """
    def is_prime(num: int) -> bool:
        if num < 2:
            return False
        if num == 2:
            return True
        if num % 2 == 0:
            return False
        i = 3
        while i * i <= num:
            if num % i == 0:
                return False
            i += 2
        return True

    count = 0
    a, b = 0, 1
    while True:
        a, b = b, a + b
        if is_prime(a):
            count += 1
            if count == n:
                return a


Question:
from typing import List

def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:
    """ Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'
    >>> intersperse([], 4)
    []
    >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)
    [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:
    """ Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'
    >>> intersperse([], 4)
    []
    >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)
    [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List

def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:
    """ Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'
    >>> intersperse([], 4)
    []
    >>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)
    [1, 4, 2, 4, 3]
    """
    if not numbers:
        return []
    result = []
    for i, num in enumerate(numbers):
        result.append(num)
        if i < len(numbers) - 1:
            result.append(delimeter)
    return result


Question:
def sort_even(l: list):
    """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
    l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal
    to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.
    >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])
    [3, 6, 5, 4]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def sort_even(l: list):
    """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
    l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal
    to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.
    >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])
    [3, 6, 5, 4]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def sort_even(l: list):
    """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
    l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal
    to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.
    >>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])
    [3, 6, 5, 4]
    """
    # Extract values at even indices
    even_values = [l[i] for i in range(0, len(l), 2)]
    # Sort the even values
    even_values.sort()
    # Create a copy of the original list
    result = l[:]
    # Place sorted even values back at even indices
    for i in range(0, len(l), 2):
        result[i] = even_values[i // 2]
    return result


Question:
from typing import List, Optional

def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
    """ Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple
    strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.
    >>> longest([])

    >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])
    'a'
    >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])
    'ccc'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List, Optional

def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
    """ Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple
    strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.
    >>> longest([])

    >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])
    'a'
    >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])
    'ccc'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List, Optional

def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
    """ Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple
    strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.
    >>> longest([])

    >>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])
    'a'
    >>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])
    'ccc'
    """
    if not strings:
        return None
    longest_str = strings[0]
    for s in strings[1:]:
        if len(s) > len(longest_str):
            longest_str = s
    return longest_str


Question:
def digits(n):
    """Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.
    Return 0 if all digits are even.
    For example:
    digits(1)  == 1
    digits(4)  == 0
    digits(235) == 15
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def digits(n):
    """Given a positive integer n, return the product of the odd digits.
    Return 0 if all digits are even.
    For example:
    digits(1)  == 1
    digits(4)  == 0
    digits(235) == 15
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def digits(n):
    product = 1
    found_odd = False
    for digit in str(n):
        d = int(digit)
        if d % 2 == 1:
            product *= d
            found_odd = True
    if not found_odd:
        return 0
    return product


Question:
def by_length(arr):
    """
    Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,
    reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from
    "One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five", "Six", "Seven", "Eight", "Nine".

    For example:
      arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3]
            -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8]
            -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]
      return ["Eight", "Five", "Four", "Three", "Two", "Two", "One", "One"]

      If the array is empty, return an empty array:
      arr = []
      return []

      If the array has any strange number ignore it:
      arr = [1, -1 , 55]
            -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]
            -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]
      return = ['One']
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def by_length(arr):
    """
    Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,
    reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from
    "One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five", "Six", "Seven", "Eight", "Nine".

    For example:
      arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3]
            -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8]
            -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]
      return ["Eight", "Five", "Four", "Three", "Two", "Two", "One", "One"]

      If the array is empty, return an empty array:
      arr = []
      return []

      If the array has any strange number ignore it:
      arr = [1, -1 , 55]
            -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]
            -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]
      return = ['One']
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def by_length(arr):
    """
    Given an array of integers, sort the integers that are between 1 and 9 inclusive,
    reverse the resulting array, and then replace each digit by its corresponding name from
    "One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five", "Six", "Seven", "Eight", "Nine".

    For example:
      arr = [2, 1, 1, 4, 5, 8, 2, 3]
            -> sort arr -> [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8]
            -> reverse arr -> [8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1]
      return ["Eight", "Five", "Four", "Three", "Two", "Two", "One", "One"]

      If the array is empty, return an empty array:
      arr = []
      return []

      If the array has any strange number ignore it:
      arr = [1, -1 , 55]
            -> sort arr -> [-1, 1, 55]
            -> reverse arr -> [55, 1, -1]
      return = ['One']
    """
    digit_names = {
        1: "One",
        2: "Two",
        3: "Three",
        4: "Four",
        5: "Five",
        6: "Six",
        7: "Seven",
        8: "Eight",
        9: "Nine"
    }

    # Filter to only include integers between 1 and 9 inclusive
    filtered = [x for x in arr if 1 <= x <= 9]

    # Sort the filtered array
    filtered.sort()

    # Reverse the sorted array
    filtered.reverse()

    # Replace each digit with its corresponding name
    result = [digit_names[x] for x in filtered]

    return result


Question:
def exchange(lst1, lst2):
    """In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,
    and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements
    between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.
    There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.
    If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make
    all the elements of lst1 to be even, return "YES".
    Otherwise, return "NO".
    For example:
    exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => "YES"
    exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => "NO"
    It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def exchange(lst1, lst2):
    """In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,
    and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements
    between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.
    There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.
    If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make
    all the elements of lst1 to be even, return "YES".
    Otherwise, return "NO".
    For example:
    exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => "YES"
    exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => "NO"
    It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def exchange(lst1, lst2):
    """In this problem, you will implement a function that takes two lists of numbers,
    and determines whether it is possible to perform an exchange of elements
    between them to make lst1 a list of only even numbers.
    There is no limit on the number of exchanged elements between lst1 and lst2.
    If it is possible to exchange elements between the lst1 and lst2 to make
    all the elements of lst1 to be even, return "YES".
    Otherwise, return "NO".
    For example:
    exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]) => "YES"
    exchange([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 3, 4]) => "NO"
    It is assumed that the input lists will be non-empty.
    """
    # Count the number of odd elements in lst1
    odd_in_lst1 = sum(1 for x in lst1 if x % 2 != 0)

    # Count the number of even elements in lst2
    even_in_lst2 = sum(1 for x in lst2 if x % 2 == 0)

    # We need to replace all odd elements in lst1 with even elements from lst2
    # So we need at least as many even elements in lst2 as there are odd elements in lst1
    if even_in_lst2 >= odd_in_lst1:
        return "YES"
    else:
        return "NO"


Question:
def rounded_avg(n, m):
    """You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the
    average of the integers from n through m (including n and m).
    Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.
    If n is greater than m, return -1.
    Example:
    rounded_avg(1, 5) => "0b11"
    rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1
    rounded_avg(10, 20) => "0b1111"
    rounded_avg(20, 33) => "0b11010"
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def rounded_avg(n, m):
    """You are given two positive integers n and m, and your task is to compute the
    average of the integers from n through m (including n and m).
    Round the answer to the nearest integer and convert that to binary.
    If n is greater than m, return -1.
    Example:
    rounded_avg(1, 5) => "0b11"
    rounded_avg(7, 5) => -1
    rounded_avg(10, 20) => "0b1111"
    rounded_avg(20, 33) => "0b11010"
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def rounded_avg(n, m):
    if n > m:
        return -1
    total = sum(range(n, m + 1))
    count = m - n + 1
    avg = total / count
    rounded = round(avg)
    return bin(rounded)


Question:
def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
File "/tmp/tmp44ie7p01/solution.py", line 1
    from two integers, round it away from zero.
             ^^^^^^^^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

# Answer

def closest_integer(value):
    num = float(value)
    if num >= 0:
        return int(num + 0.5)
    else:
        return -int(-num + 0.5)


Question:
def add(lst):
    """Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..

    Examples:
        add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def add(lst):
    """Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..

    Examples:
        add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def add(lst):
    """Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..

    Examples:
        add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2
    """
    total = 0
    for i in range(1, len(lst), 2):
        if lst[i] % 2 == 0:
            total += lst[i]
    return total


Question:
def median(l: list):
    """Return median of elements in the list l.
    >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
    3
    >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])
    15.0
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def median(l: list):
    """Return median of elements in the list l.
    >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
    3
    >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])
    15.0
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def median(l: list):
    """Return median of elements in the list l.
    >>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
    3
    >>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])
    15.0
    """
    sorted_l = sorted(l)
    n = len(sorted_l)
    mid = n // 2
    if n % 2 == 1:
        return sorted_l[mid]
    else:
        return (sorted_l[mid - 1] + sorted_l[mid]) / 2


Question:
def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """
    num = abs(num)
    even_count = 0
    odd_count = 0
    for digit in str(num):
        d = int(digit)
        if d % 2 == 0:
            even_count += 1
        else:
            odd_count += 1
    return (even_count, odd_count)


Question:
def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
    """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
    >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
    29
    >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
    2
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
    """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
    >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
    29
    >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
    2
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
    """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
    >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
    29
    >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
    2
    """
    largest = 1
    # Divide out all factors of 2
    while n % 2 == 0:
        largest = 2
        n //= 2
    # Check odd factors from 3 upwards
    factor = 3
    while factor * factor <= n:
        while n % factor == 0:
            largest = factor
            n //= factor
        factor += 2
    # If n is still greater than 1, then it is a prime factor
    if n > 1:
        largest = n
    return largest


Question:
def largest_smallest_integers(lst):
    '''
    Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is
    the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest
    of positive integers in a list.
    If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.

    Examples:
    largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)
    largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)
    largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)
    '''

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def largest_smallest_integers(lst):
    '''
    Create a function that returns a tuple (a, b), where 'a' is
    the largest of negative integers, and 'b' is the smallest
    of positive integers in a list.
    If there is no negative or positive integers, return them as None.

    Examples:
    largest_smallest_integers([2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7]) == (None, 1)
    largest_smallest_integers([]) == (None, None)
    largest_smallest_integers([0]) == (None, None)
    '''

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def largest_smallest_integers(lst):
    negatives = [x for x in lst if x < 0]
    positives = [x for x in lst if x > 0]

    a = max(negatives) if negatives else None
    b = min(positives) if positives else None

    return (a, b)


Question:
def make_a_pile(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.
    The first level has n stones.
    The number of stones in the next level is:
        - the next odd number if n is odd.
        - the next even number if n is even.
    Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index
    i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).

    Examples:
    >>> make_a_pile(3)
    [3, 5, 7]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def make_a_pile(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.
    The first level has n stones.
    The number of stones in the next level is:
        - the next odd number if n is odd.
        - the next even number if n is even.
    Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index
    i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).

    Examples:
    >>> make_a_pile(3)
    [3, 5, 7]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def make_a_pile(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, you have to make a pile of n levels of stones.
    The first level has n stones.
    The number of stones in the next level is:
        - the next odd number if n is odd.
        - the next even number if n is even.
    Return the number of stones in each level in a list, where element at index
    i represents the number of stones in the level (i+1).

    Examples:
    >>> make_a_pile(3)
    [3, 5, 7]
    """
    result = []
    current = n
    for _ in range(n):
        result.append(current)
        if current % 2 == 1:
            current += 2
        else:
            current += 2
    return result


Question:
def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpyq9nrmax/solution.py", line 50, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmpyq9nrmax/solution.py", line 47, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpyq9nrmax/solution.py", line 40, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """
    def digit_sum(n):
        return sum(int(d) for d in str(abs(n)))

    return sorted(nums, key=lambda x: (digit_sum(x), nums.index(x)))


Question:
def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k,
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k,
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k,
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """
    n = len(grid)

    # Find the position of the minimum value (which is 1)
    # Since we want lexicographically smallest path, we should start from the smallest possible value
    # The first element of the path determines the lexicographic order most significantly.
    # So we want to start from the cell with value 1.

    # Find position of 1
    start_pos = None
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
            if grid[i][j] == 1:
                start_pos = (i, j)
                break
        if start_pos:
            break

    # Now we need to find the lexicographically smallest path of length k starting from start_pos
    # We can use BFS/DFS with pruning, but since k can be large, we need a smarter approach.
    #
    # Key insight: At each step, we want to choose the neighbor with the smallest value.
    # However, this greedy approach might not always work because we need to consider future steps.
    #
    # Actually, let's think again. We want the lexicographically smallest sequence.
    # At step 1, we must pick the smallest possible value, which is 1 (starting position).
    # At step 2, we pick the smallest neighbor of the current position.
    # At step 3, we pick the smallest neighbor of the current position, and so on.
    #
    # Wait, but this greedy approach might not be optimal. Consider:
    # If we have a choice between going to a cell with value 2 or 3, and from 2 we can only go to 10,
    # while from 3 we can go to 1, then the path [1, 2, 10] vs [1, 3, 1] - the second is lexicographically smaller.
    #
    # So we need to consider all possible paths and find the lexicographically smallest one.
    #
    # Since k can be up to N*N and N can be up to 100, we need an efficient approach.
    #
    # Let's use dynamic programming or BFS with state = (position, step).
    # At each step, we track the lexicographically smallest path to reach each position.
    #
    # Actually, we can use a different approach: at each step, we maintain the set of possible current positions
    # and the lexicographically smallest path to reach each position. But this could be exponential.
    #
    # Let me reconsider. The key observation is that we want the lexicographically smallest path.
    # We can build the path step by step, and at each step, we choose the smallest possible value
    # that can lead to a valid path of length k.
    #
    # This is essentially a BFS where we expand all possible paths and keep only the lexicographically smallest ones.
    #
    # Let's implement a BFS approach:
    # - Start with all possible starting positions (but we know we should start from 1 for the smallest first element)
    # - At each step, expand to all neighbors and keep track of the lexicographically smallest path to each position
    #
    # Actually, since we want the overall lexicographically smallest path, we can use a priority queue approach.
    #
    # Let me implement a simpler approach: since the grid values are unique and range from 1 to N*N,
    # and we want the lexicographically smallest path, we can use the following:
    #
    # 1. Start from the cell with value 1.
    # 2. At each step, among all possible next moves, choose the one that leads to the lexicographically smallest path.
    #
    # To do this efficiently, we can use BFS with pruning. We maintain a dictionary mapping position to the
    # lexicographically smallest path to reach that position at the current step.

    # Directions: up, down, left, right
    directions = [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)]

    # BFS approach: at each step, we have a set of (position, path) pairs
    # We want to keep only the lexicographically smallest path for each position at each step

    # Initialize: start from position of 1
    current_paths = {start_pos: [1]}

    for step in range(1, k):
        next_paths = {}
        for pos, path in current_paths.items():
            i, j = pos
            for di, dj in directions:
                ni, nj = i + di, j + dj
                if 0 <= ni < n and 0 <= nj < n:
                    new_path = path + [grid[ni][nj]]
                    new_pos = (ni, nj)
                    if new_pos not in next_paths or new_path < next_paths[new_pos]:
                        next_paths[new_pos] = new_path
        current_paths = next_paths

    # Find the lexicographically smallest path among all current paths
    best_path = None
    for pos, path in current_paths.items():
        if best_path is None or path < best_path:
            best_path = path

    return best_path


Question:
def eat(number, need, remaining):
    """
    You're a hungry rabbit, and you already have eaten a certain number of carrots,
    but now you need to eat more carrots to complete the day's meals.
    you should return an array of [ total number of eaten carrots after your meals,
                                    the number of carrots left after your meals ]
    if there are not enough remaining carrots, you will eat all remaining carrots, but will still be hungry.

    Example:
    * eat(5, 6, 10) -> [11, 4]
    * eat(4, 8, 9) -> [12, 1]
    * eat(1, 10, 10) -> [11, 0]
    * eat(2, 11, 5) -> [7, 0]

    Variables:
    @number : integer
        the number of carrots that you have eaten.
    @need : integer
        the number of carrots that you need to eat.
    @remaining : integer
        the number of remaining carrots thet exist in stock

    Constrain:
    * 0 <= number <= 1000
    * 0 <= need <= 1000
    * 0 <= remaining <= 1000

    Have fun :)
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def eat(number, need, remaining):
    """
    You're a hungry rabbit, and you already have eaten a certain number of carrots,
    but now you need to eat more carrots to complete the day's meals.
    you should return an array of [ total number of eaten carrots after your meals,
                                    the number of carrots left after your meals ]
    if there are not enough remaining carrots, you will eat all remaining carrots, but will still be hungry.

    Example:
    * eat(5, 6, 10) -> [11, 4]
    * eat(4, 8, 9) -> [12, 1]
    * eat(1, 10, 10) -> [11, 0]
    * eat(2, 11, 5) -> [7, 0]

    Variables:
    @number : integer
        the number of carrots that you have eaten.
    @need : integer
        the number of carrots that you need to eat.
    @remaining : integer
        the number of remaining carrots thet exist in stock

    Constrain:
    * 0 <= number <= 1000
    * 0 <= need <= 1000
    * 0 <= remaining <= 1000

    Have fun :)
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def eat(number, need, remaining):
    if remaining >= need:
        return [number + need, remaining - need]
    else:
        return [number + remaining, 0]


Question:
def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:
    """ Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into
    and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals
    (leftover part always smaller than 1).

    Return the decimal part of the number.
    >>> truncate_number(3.5)
    0.5
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:
    """ Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into
    and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals
    (leftover part always smaller than 1).

    Return the decimal part of the number.
    >>> truncate_number(3.5)
    0.5
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:
    """ Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into
    and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals
    (leftover part always smaller than 1).

    Return the decimal part of the number.
    >>> truncate_number(3.5)
    0.5
    """
    return number - int(number)


Question:
def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.

    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0

    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.

    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0

    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmptfnhfqjb/solution.py", line 41, in <module>
    check(double_the_difference)
  File "/tmp/tmptfnhfqjb/solution.py", line 38, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmptfnhfqjb/solution.py", line 31, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

def double_the_difference(lst):
    total = 0
    for num in lst:
        if isinstance(num, int) and not isinstance(num, bool) and num >= 0 and num % 2 != 0:
            total += num * num
    return total


Question:
def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmphht9heiw/solution.py", line 100, in <module>
    check(is_simple_power)
  File "/tmp/tmphht9heiw/solution.py", line 97, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmphht9heiw/solution.py", line 90, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """
    if n == 0:
        return x == 0
    if n == 1:
        return x == 1
    if n == -1:
        return x == 1 or x == -1
    if x == 0:
        return False
    if x == 1:
        return True
    if x == -1:
        return n == -1

    # Handle negative x
    if x < 0:
        if n > 0:
            return False
        # n is negative, x is negative
        # n**k = x < 0 means k must be odd
        # Let's check if |x| is a power of |n| with an odd exponent
        abs_x = -x
        abs_n = -n
        k = 0
        while abs_x > 1:
            if abs_x % abs_n != 0:
                return False
            abs_x //= abs_n
            k += 1
        return k % 2 == 1

    # x > 0, n != 0, n != 1, n != -1
    if n < 0:
        # n is negative, x is positive
        # n**k = x > 0 means k must be even
        abs_n = -n
        k = 0
        temp = x
        while temp > 1:
            if temp % abs_n != 0:
                return False
            temp //= abs_n
            k += 1
        return k % 2 == 0

    # n > 0, x > 0
    k = 0
    temp = x
    while temp > 1:
        if temp % n != 0:
            return False
        temp //= n
        k += 1
    return True


Question:
def numerical_letter_grade(grades):
    """It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades
    to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.
    The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.
    She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write
    a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:
             GPA       |    Letter grade
              4.0                A+
            > 3.7                A
            > 3.3                A-
            > 3.0                B+
            > 2.7                B
            > 2.3                B-
            > 2.0                C+
            > 1.7                C
            > 1.3                C-
            > 1.0                D+
            > 0.7                D
            > 0.0                D-
              0.0                E

    Example:
    grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def numerical_letter_grade(grades):
    """It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades
    to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.
    The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.
    She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write
    a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:
             GPA       |    Letter grade
              4.0                A+
            > 3.7                A
            > 3.3                A-
            > 3.0                B+
            > 2.7                B
            > 2.3                B-
            > 2.0                C+
            > 1.7                C
            > 1.3                C-
            > 1.0                D+
            > 0.7                D
            > 0.0                D-
              0.0                E

    Example:
    grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def numerical_letter_grade(grades):
    """It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades
    to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.
    The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.
    She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write
    a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:
             GPA       |    Letter grade
              4.0                A+
            > 3.7                A
            > 3.3                A-
            > 3.0                B+
            > 2.7                B
            > 2.3                B-
            > 2.0                C+
            > 1.7                C
            > 1.3                C-
            > 1.0                D+
            > 0.7                D
            > 0.0                D-
              0.0                E

    Example:
    grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']
    """
    result = []
    for gpa in grades:
        if gpa == 4.0:
            result.append('A+')
        elif gpa > 3.7:
            result.append('A')
        elif gpa > 3.3:
            result.append('A-')
        elif gpa > 3.0:
            result.append('B+')
        elif gpa > 2.7:
            result.append('B')
        elif gpa > 2.3:
            result.append('B-')
        elif gpa > 2.0:
            result.append('C+')
        elif gpa > 1.7:
            result.append('C')
        elif gpa > 1.3:
            result.append('C-')
        elif gpa > 1.0:
            result.append('D+')
        elif gpa > 0.7:
            result.append('D')
        elif gpa > 0.0:
            result.append('D-')
        else:
            result.append('E')
    return result


Question:
def string_to_md5(text):
    """
    Given a string 'text', return its md5 hash equivalent string.
    If 'text' is an empty string, return None.

    >>> string_to_md5('Hello world') == '3e25960a79dbc69b674cd4ec67a72c62'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def string_to_md5(text):
    """
    Given a string 'text', return its md5 hash equivalent string.
    If 'text' is an empty string, return None.

    >>> string_to_md5('Hello world') == '3e25960a79dbc69b674cd4ec67a72c62'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

import hashlib

def string_to_md5(text):
    """
    Given a string 'text', return its md5 hash equivalent string.
    If 'text' is an empty string, return None.

    >>> string_to_md5('Hello world') == '3e25960a79dbc69b674cd4ec67a72c62'
    """
    if text == "":
        return None
    return hashlib.md5(text.encode()).hexdigest()


Question:
def encode_cyclic(s: str):
    """
    returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.
    """
    # split string to groups. Each of length 3.
    groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]
    # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.
    groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]
    return "".join(groups)

def decode_cyclic(s: str):
    """
    takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def encode_cyclic(s: str):
    """
    returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.
    """
    # split string to groups. Each of length 3.
    groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]
    # cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.
    groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]
    return "".join(groups)

def decode_cyclic(s: str):
    """
    takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def decode_cyclic(s: str):
    """
    takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.
    """
    # split string to groups. Each of length 3.
    groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]
    # reverse the cycle: shift right by 1 (or left by 2) for groups of length 3
    groups = [(group[-1] + group[:-1]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]
    return "".join(groups)


Question:
def unique(l: list):
    """Return sorted unique elements in a list
    >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def unique(l: list):
    """Return sorted unique elements in a list
    >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def unique(l: list):
    """Return sorted unique elements in a list
    >>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]
    """
    return sorted(set(l))


Question:
def encode(message):
    """
    Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a
    way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in
    the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that
    vowel in the english alphabet.
    Assume only letters.

    Examples:
    >>> encode('test')
    'TGST'
    >>> encode('This is a message')
    'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def encode(message):
    """
    Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a
    way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in
    the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that
    vowel in the english alphabet.
    Assume only letters.

    Examples:
    >>> encode('test')
    'TGST'
    >>> encode('This is a message')
    'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp5fudm99p/solution.py", line 61, in <module>
    check(encode)
  File "/tmp/tmp5fudm99p/solution.py", line 58, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp5fudm99p/solution.py", line 51, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

def encode(message):
    """
    Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a
    way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in
    the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that
    vowel in the english alphabet.
    Assume only letters.

    Examples:
    >>> encode('test')
    'TGST'
    >>> encode('This is a message')
    'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'
    """
    vowels = 'aeiouAEIOU'
    vowel_map = {
        'a': 'c', 'e': 'g', 'i': 'k', 'o': 'q', 'u': 'w',
        'A': 'C', 'E': 'G', 'I': 'K', 'O': 'Q', 'U': 'W'
    }
    result = []
    for char in message:
        if char in vowels:
            result.append(vowel_map[char])
        else:
            result.append(char.swapcase())
    return ''.join(result)


Question:
def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):
    """Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers
    Example
    is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):
    """Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers
    Example
    is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):
    """Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers
    Example
    is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True
    """
    # The smallest sum of 4 positive even numbers is 2+2+2+2 = 8
    # Any even number >= 8 can be written as the sum of 4 positive even numbers
    # because we can start with 2+2+2+2=8 and add 2 to any of the four numbers
    # to increase the sum by 2 each time.
    if n < 8:
        return False
    if n % 2 != 0:
        return False
    return True


Question:
def minSubArraySum(nums):
    """
    Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array
    of nums.
    Example
    minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1
    minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def minSubArraySum(nums):
    """
    Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array
    of nums.
    Example
    minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1
    minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def minSubArraySum(nums):
    """
    Given an array of integers nums, find the minimum sum of any non-empty sub-array
    of nums.
    Example
    minSubArraySum([2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4]) == 1
    minSubArraySum([-1, -2, -3]) == -6
    """
    min_sum = float('inf')
    current_sum = 0
    for num in nums:
        current_sum += num
        if current_sum < min_sum:
            min_sum = current_sum
        if current_sum > 0:
            current_sum = 0
    return min_sum


Question:
def words_string(s):
    """
    You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    to split the string into words and return an array of the words.

    For example:
    words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"]
    words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def words_string(s):
    """
    You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    to split the string into words and return an array of the words.

    For example:
    words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"]
    words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpcxiaysxw/solution.py", line 46, in <module>
    check(words_string)
  File "/tmp/tmpcxiaysxw/solution.py", line 43, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpcxiaysxw/solution.py", line 36, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

def words_string(s):
    """
    You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    to split the string into words and return an array of the words.

    For example:
    words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"]
    words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"]
    """
    import re
    return re.split(r'[,\s]+', s.strip())


Question:
def maximum(arr, k):
    """
    Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list
    of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.

    Example 1:

        Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3
        Output: [-4, -3, 5]

    Example 2:

        Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2
        Output: [4, 4]

    Example 3:

        Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1
        Output: [2]

    Note:
        1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].
        2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].
        3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def maximum(arr, k):
    """
    Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list
    of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.

    Example 1:

        Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3
        Output: [-4, -3, 5]

    Example 2:

        Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2
        Output: [4, 4]

    Example 3:

        Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1
        Output: [2]

    Note:
        1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].
        2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].
        3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def maximum(arr, k):
    """
    Given an array arr of integers and a positive integer k, return a sorted list
    of length k with the maximum k numbers in arr.

    Example 1:

        Input: arr = [-3, -4, 5], k = 3
        Output: [-4, -3, 5]

    Example 2:

        Input: arr = [4, -4, 4], k = 2
        Output: [4, 4]

    Example 3:

        Input: arr = [-3, 2, 1, 2, -1, -2, 1], k = 1
        Output: [2]

    Note:
        1. The length of the array will be in the range of [1, 1000].
        2. The elements in the array will be in the range of [-1000, 1000].
        3. 0 <= k <= len(arr)
    """
    sorted_arr = sorted(arr, reverse=True)
    return sorted(sorted_arr[:k])


Question:
def smallest_change(arr):
    """
    Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that
    need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that
    is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.

    For example:
    smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4
    smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1
    smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def smallest_change(arr):
    """
    Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that
    need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that
    is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.

    For example:
    smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4
    smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1
    smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def smallest_change(arr):
    """
    Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that
    need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that
    is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.

    For example:
    smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4
    smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1
    smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0
    """
    n = len(arr)
    changes = 0
    for i in range(n // 2):
        if arr[i] != arr[n - 1 - i]:
            changes += 1
    return changes


Question:
def is_prime(n):
    """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
    >>> is_prime(6)
    False
    >>> is_prime(101)
    True
    >>> is_prime(11)
    True
    >>> is_prime(13441)
    True
    >>> is_prime(61)
    True
    >>> is_prime(4)
    False
    >>> is_prime(1)
    False
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def is_prime(n):
    """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
    >>> is_prime(6)
    False
    >>> is_prime(101)
    True
    >>> is_prime(11)
    True
    >>> is_prime(13441)
    True
    >>> is_prime(61)
    True
    >>> is_prime(4)
    False
    >>> is_prime(1)
    False
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def is_prime(n):
    """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
    >>> is_prime(6)
    False
    >>> is_prime(101)
    True
    >>> is_prime(11)
    True
    >>> is_prime(13441)
    True
    >>> is_prime(61)
    True
    >>> is_prime(4)
    False
    >>> is_prime(1)
    False
    """
    if n < 2:
        return False
    if n == 2:
        return True
    if n % 2 == 0:
        return False
    i = 3
    while i * i <= n:
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
        i += 2
    return True


Question:
def derivative(xs: list):
    """ xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.
    xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....
     Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.
    >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
    [1, 4, 12, 20]
    >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])
    [2, 6]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def derivative(xs: list):
    """ xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.
    xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....
     Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.
    >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
    [1, 4, 12, 20]
    >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])
    [2, 6]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def derivative(xs: list):
    """ xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.
    xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....
     Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.
    >>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
    [1, 4, 12, 20]
    >>> derivative([1, 2, 3])
    [2, 6]
    """
    if len(xs) <= 1:
        return []
    return [xs[i] * i for i in range(1, len(xs))]


Question:
def compare(game,guess):
    """I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited
    event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are
    definitely worth noting down and comparing.
    Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.
    You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match.
    Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,
    the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.

    example:

    compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]
    compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def compare(game,guess):
    """I think we all remember that feeling when the result of some long-awaited
    event is finally known. The feelings and thoughts you have at that moment are
    definitely worth noting down and comparing.
    Your task is to determine if a person correctly guessed the results of a number of matches.
    You are given two arrays of scores and guesses of equal length, where each index shows a match.
    Return an array of the same length denoting how far off each guess was. If they have guessed correctly,
    the value is 0, and if not, the value is the absolute difference between the guess and the score.

    example:

    compare([1,2,3,4,5,1],[1,2,3,4,2,-2]) -> [0,0,0,0,3,3]
    compare([0,5,0,0,0,4],[4,1,1,0,0,-2]) -> [4,4,1,0,0,6]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def compare(game, guess):
    return [abs(g - s) for g, s in zip(guess, game)]


Question:
from typing import List

def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string
    >>> all_prefixes('abc')
    ['a', 'ab', 'abc']
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string
    >>> all_prefixes('abc')
    ['a', 'ab', 'abc']
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List

def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string
    >>> all_prefixes('abc')
    ['a', 'ab', 'abc']
    """
    return [string[:i] for i in range(1, len(string) + 1)]


Question:
def solution(lst):
    """Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.

    Examples
    solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12
    solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9
    solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def solution(lst):
    """Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.

    Examples
    solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12
    solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9
    solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def solution(lst):
    """Given a non-empty list of integers, return the sum of all of the odd elements that are in even positions.

    Examples
    solution([5, 8, 7, 1]) ==> 12
    solution([3, 3, 3, 3, 3]) ==> 9
    solution([30, 13, 24, 321]) ==>0
    """
    total = 0
    for i in range(0, len(lst), 2):
        if lst[i] % 2 != 0:
            total += lst[i]
    return total


Question:
def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpiacb2_0w/solution.py", line 52, in <module>
    check(generate_integers)
  File "/tmp/tmpiacb2_0w/solution.py", line 49, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpiacb2_0w/solution.py", line 42, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

# Answer

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """
    low = min(a, b)
    high = max(a, b)
    result = []
    for num in range(low, high + 1):
        if num % 2 == 0:
            result.append(num)
    return result


Question:
def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:
    """ Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of
    >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')
    3
    >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')
    4
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:
    """ Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of
    >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')
    3
    >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')
    4
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:
    """ Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of
    >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')
    3
    >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')
    4
    """
    return len(set(string.lower()))


Question:
def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """
    count = 0
    for char in brackets:
        if char == '(':
            count += 1
        elif char == ')':
            count -= 1
        if count < 0:
            return False
    return count == 0


Question:
def search(lst):
    '''
    You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than
    zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself.
    The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.
    If no such a value exist, return -1.
    Examples:
        search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2
        search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3
        search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1
    '''

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def search(lst):
    '''
    You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than
    zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself.
    The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.
    If no such a value exist, return -1.
    Examples:
        search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2
        search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3
        search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1
    '''

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def search(lst):
    from collections import Counter
    freq = Counter(lst)
    result = -1
    for num, count in freq.items():
        if num > 0 and count >= num:
            if num > result:
                result = num
    return result


Question:
def will_it_fly(q,w):
    '''
    Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.
    The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.

    Example:
    will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False
    # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.

    will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False
    # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.

    will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True
    # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.

    will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True
    # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.
    '''

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def will_it_fly(q,w):
    '''
    Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.
    The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.

    Example:
    will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) ➞ False
    # 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.

    will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) ➞ False
    # it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.

    will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) ➞ True
    # 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.

    will_it_fly([3], 5) ➞ True
    # 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.
    '''

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def will_it_fly(q, w):
    return q == q[::-1] and sum(q) <= w


Question:
from typing import List

def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:
    """ Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.
    Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.
    Input number should be equal to the product of all factors
    >>> factorize(8)
    [2, 2, 2]
    >>> factorize(25)
    [5, 5]
    >>> factorize(70)
    [2, 5, 7]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:
    """ Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.
    Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.
    Input number should be equal to the product of all factors
    >>> factorize(8)
    [2, 2, 2]
    >>> factorize(25)
    [5, 5]
    >>> factorize(70)
    [2, 5, 7]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List

def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:
    """ Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.
    Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.
    Input number should be equal to the product of all factors
    >>> factorize(8)
    [2, 2, 2]
    >>> factorize(25)
    [5, 5]
    >>> factorize(70)
    [2, 5, 7]
    """
    factors = []
    d = 2
    while d * d <= n:
        while n % d == 0:
            factors.append(d)
            n //= d
        d += 1
    if n > 1:
        factors.append(n)
    return factors


Question:
from typing import List

def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List

def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

from typing import List

def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """
    beat_map = {
        'o': 4,
        'o|': 2,
        '.|': 1
    }
    notes = music_string.split()
    result = []
    for note in notes:
        result.append(beat_map[note])
    return result


Question:
def sort_third(l: list):
    """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
    l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal
    to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.
    >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])
    [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def sort_third(l: list):
    """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
    l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal
    to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.
    >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])
    [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def sort_third(l: list):
    """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
    l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal
    to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.
    >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])
    [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]
    """
    # Extract values at indices divisible by 3
    third_indices = [i for i in range(len(l)) if i % 3 == 0]
    third_values = [l[i] for i in third_indices]

    # Sort the extracted values
    third_values_sorted = sorted(third_values)

    # Create a copy of the original list
    result = l[:]

    # Replace values at indices divisible by 3 with sorted values
    for idx, i in enumerate(third_indices):
        result[i] = third_values_sorted[idx]

    return result


Question:
def sum_squares(lst):
    """You are given a list of numbers.
    You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,
    round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.
    Examples:
    For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14
    For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98
    For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84
    For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29
    For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6

    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def sum_squares(lst):
    """You are given a list of numbers.
    You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,
    round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.
    Examples:
    For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14
    For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98
    For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84
    For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29
    For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6

    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

import math

def sum_squares(lst):
    """You are given a list of numbers.
    You need to return the sum of squared numbers in the given list,
    round each element in the list to the upper int(Ceiling) first.
    Examples:
    For lst = [1,2,3] the output should be 14
    For lst = [1,4,9] the output should be 98
    For lst = [1,3,5,7] the output should be 84
    For lst = [1.4,4.2,0] the output should be 29
    For lst = [-2.4,1,1] the output should be 6

    """
    return sum(math.ceil(x) ** 2 for x in lst)


Question:
def select_words(s, n):
    """Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement
    a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly
    n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.
    If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.
    Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.
    Examples:
    select_words("Mary had a little lamb", 4) ==> ["little"]
    select_words("Mary had a little lamb", 3) ==> ["Mary", "lamb"]
    select_words("simple white space", 2) ==> []
    select_words("Hello world", 4) ==> ["world"]
    select_words("Uncle sam", 3) ==> ["Uncle"]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def select_words(s, n):
    """Given a string s and a natural number n, you have been tasked to implement
    a function that returns a list of all words from string s that contain exactly
    n consonants, in order these words appear in the string s.
    If the string s is empty then the function should return an empty list.
    Note: you may assume the input string contains only letters and spaces.
    Examples:
    select_words("Mary had a little lamb", 4) ==> ["little"]
    select_words("Mary had a little lamb", 3) ==> ["Mary", "lamb"]
    select_words("simple white space", 2) ==> []
    select_words("Hello world", 4) ==> ["world"]
    select_words("Uncle sam", 3) ==> ["Uncle"]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def select_words(s, n):
    if not s:
        return []

    vowels = set('aeiouAEIOU')
    result = []

    words = s.split()

    for word in words:
        consonant_count = 0
        for char in word:
            if char.isalpha() and char not in vowels:
                consonant_count += 1
        if consonant_count == n:
            result.append(word)

    return result


Question:
def count_up_to(n):
    """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
    integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
    for example:
    count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
    count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
    count_up_to(0) => []
    count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
    count_up_to(1) => []
    count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def count_up_to(n):
    """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
    integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
    for example:
    count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
    count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
    count_up_to(0) => []
    count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
    count_up_to(1) => []
    count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def count_up_to(n):
    """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
    integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
    for example:
    count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
    count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
    count_up_to(0) => []
    count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
    count_up_to(1) => []
    count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
    """
    if n <= 2:
        return []

    def is_prime(num):
        if num < 2:
            return False
        if num == 2:
            return True
        if num % 2 == 0:
            return False
        for i in range(3, int(num**0.5) + 1, 2):
            if num % i == 0:
                return False
        return True

    primes = []
    for num in range(2, n):
        if is_prime(num):
            primes.append(num)

    return primes


Question:
def histogram(test):
    """Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary
    of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.
    If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.

    Example:
    histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}
    histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}
    histogram('') == {}

    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def histogram(test):
    """Given a string representing a space separated lowercase letters, return a dictionary
    of the letter with the most repetition and containing the corresponding count.
    If several letters have the same occurrence, return all of them.

    Example:
    histogram('a b c') == {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}
    histogram('a b b a') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('a b c a b') == {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
    histogram('b b b b a') == {'b': 4}
    histogram('') == {}

    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def histogram(test):
    if not test:
        return {}

    counts = {}
    for char in test.split():
        counts[char] = counts.get(char, 0) + 1

    max_count = max(counts.values())

    result = {char: count for char, count in counts.items() if count == max_count}

    return result


Question:
def get_closest_vowel(word):
    """You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between
    two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).

    Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't
    find any vowel met the above condition.

    You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.

    Example:
    get_closest_vowel("yogurt") ==> "u"
    get_closest_vowel("FULL") ==> "U"
    get_closest_vowel("quick") ==> ""
    get_closest_vowel("ab") ==> ""
    """

Prompt:
Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

def get_closest_vowel(word):
    """You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between
    two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).

    Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't
    find any vowel met the above condition.

    You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.

    Example:
    get_closest_vowel("yogurt") ==> "u"
    get_closest_vowel("FULL") ==> "U"
    get_closest_vowel("quick") ==> ""
    get_closest_vowel("ab") ==> ""
    """

Output:
# Reasoning

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

# Answer

def get_closest_vowel(word):
    vowels = set("aeiouAEIOU")

    # We need to find a vowel that is between two consonants
    # "from the right side" means we should look from right to left and return the first one found
    # The vowel must not be at the beginning or end of the word

    for i in range(len(word) - 2, 0, -1):
        if word[i] in vowels:
            # Check if it's between two consonants
            left_char = word[i - 1]
            right_char = word[i + 1]
            if left_char not in vowels and right_char not in vowels:
                return word[i]

    return ""