HumanEval+

def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''

def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''
    if not txt:
        return False

    return txt[-1].isalpha() and (len(txt) == 1 or txt[-2] == " ")

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def get_odd_collatz(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.

    The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined
    as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the 
    previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of 
    the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous
    term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.

    Note: 
        1. Collatz(1) is [1].
        2. returned list sorted in increasing order.

    For example:
    get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def get_odd_collatz(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.

    The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined
    as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the 
    previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of 
    the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous
    term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.

    Note: 
        1. Collatz(1) is [1].
        2. returned list sorted in increasing order.

    For example:
    get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.
    """

def get_odd_collatz(n):
    odd_numbers = set()
    
    while n != 1:
        if n % 2 == 1:
            odd_numbers.add(n)
            n = 3 * n + 1
        else:
            n //= 2
    
    odd_numbers.add(1)
    return sorted(odd_numbers)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def is_prime(n):
    """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
    >>> is_prime(6)
    False
    >>> is_prime(101)
    True
    >>> is_prime(11)
    True
    >>> is_prime(13441)
    True
    >>> is_prime(61)
    True
    >>> is_prime(4)
    False
    >>> is_prime(1)
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def is_prime(n):
    """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
    >>> is_prime(6)
    False
    >>> is_prime(101)
    True
    >>> is_prime(11)
    True
    >>> is_prime(13441)
    True
    >>> is_prime(61)
    True
    >>> is_prime(4)
    False
    >>> is_prime(1)
    False
    """

def is_prime(n):
    """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
    >>> is_prime(6)
    False
    >>> is_prime(101)
    True
    >>> is_prime(11)
    True
    >>> is_prime(13441)
    True
    >>> is_prime(61)
    True
    >>> is_prime(4)
    False
    >>> is_prime(1)
    False
    """
    if n < 2:
        return False
    if n == 2:
        return True
    if n % 2 == 0:
        return False
    i = 3
    while i * i <= n:
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
        i += 2
    return True

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    seen = set()
    for x in l:
        if -x in seen:
            return True
        seen.add(x)
    return False

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def modp(n: int, p: int):
    """Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).
    >>> modp(3, 5)
    3
    >>> modp(1101, 101)
    2
    >>> modp(0, 101)
    1
    >>> modp(3, 11)
    8
    >>> modp(100, 101)
    1
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def modp(n: int, p: int):
    """Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).
    >>> modp(3, 5)
    3
    >>> modp(1101, 101)
    2
    >>> modp(0, 101)
    1
    >>> modp(3, 11)
    8
    >>> modp(100, 101)
    1
    """

def modp(n: int, p: int):
    """Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).
    >>> modp(3, 5)
    3
    >>> modp(1101, 101)
    2
    >>> modp(0, 101)
    1
    >>> modp(3, 11)
    8
    >>> modp(100, 101)
    1
    """
    return pow(2, n, p)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp5mjssn3g/solution.py", line 55, in <module>
    check(closest_integer)
  File "/tmp/tmp5mjssn3g/solution.py", line 52, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp5mjssn3g/solution.py", line 45, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

def find_zero(xs: list):
    if not xs:
        return 0.0

    coeffs = list(xs)
    while len(coeffs) > 1 and coeffs[-1] == 0:
        coeffs.pop()

    if len(coeffs) == 1:
        return 0.0

    def f(x: float) -> float:
        y = 0.0
        for c in reversed(coeffs):
            y = y * x + c
        return y

    if f(0.0) == 0.0:
        return 0.0

    low, high = -1.0, 1.0
    f_low, f_high = f(low), f(high)

    if f_low == 0.0:
        return low
    if f_high == 0.0:
        return high

    for _ in range(1000):
        if (f_low < 0.0 and f_high > 0.0) or (f_low > 0.0 and f_high < 0.0):
            break

        low *= 2.0
        high *= 2.0
        f_low, f_high = f(low), f(high)

        if f_low == 0.0:
            return low
        if f_high == 0.0:
            return high
    else:
        return 0.0

    for _ in range(100):
        mid = low + (high - low) / 2.0
        f_mid = f(mid)

        if f_mid == 0.0:
            return mid

        if (f_low < 0.0 and f_mid > 0.0) or (f_low > 0.0 and f_mid < 0.0):
            high = mid
            f_high = f_mid
        else:
            low = mid
            f_low = f_mid

    return (low + high) / 2.0

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp860sssn_/solution.py", line 79, in <module>
    check(find_zero)
  File "/tmp/tmp860sssn_/solution.py", line 76, in check
    assert _poly(*candidate(*inp), inp) <= 0.0001
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not float

def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

def is_nested(string):
    left = 0
    for ch in string:
        if ch == '[':
            left += 1
        elif ch == ']':
            if left > 1:
                return True
            left -= 1
    return False

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpb3iaodaz/solution.py", line 45, in <module>
    check(is_nested)
  File "/tmp/tmpb3iaodaz/solution.py", line 42, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpb3iaodaz/solution.py", line 35, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

generation failed: Post "http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/chat/completions": context deadline exceeded

def file_name_check(file_name):
    """Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns
    'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.
    A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions 
    are met:
    - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.
    - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'
    - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from 
    the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').
    - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']
    Examples:
    file_name_check("example.txt") # => 'Yes'
    file_name_check("1example.dll") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def file_name_check(file_name):
    """Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns
    'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.
    A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions 
    are met:
    - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.
    - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'
    - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from 
    the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').
    - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']
    Examples:
    file_name_check("example.txt") # => 'Yes'
    file_name_check("1example.dll") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)
    """

def file_name_check(file_name):
    if file_name.count('.') != 1:
        return 'No'

    name, extension = file_name.split('.')

    if not name:
        return 'No'

    if not (('a' <= name[0] <= 'z') or ('A' <= name[0] <= 'Z')):
        return 'No'

    if extension not in ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']:
        return 'No'

    digit_count = sum(1 for ch in file_name if '0' <= ch <= '9')
    if digit_count > 3:
        return 'No'

    return 'Yes'

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp9_v6nnoj/solution.py", line 55, in <module>
    check(file_name_check)
  File "/tmp/tmp9_v6nnoj/solution.py", line 52, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp9_v6nnoj/solution.py", line 45, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def common(l1: list, l2: list):
    """Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.
    >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])
    [1, 5, 653]
    >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])
    [2, 3]

    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def common(l1: list, l2: list):
    """Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.
    >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])
    [1, 5, 653]
    >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])
    [2, 3]

    """

def common(l1: list, l2: list):
    """Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.
    >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])
    [1, 5, 653]
    >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])
    [2, 3]

    """
    return sorted(set(l1) & set(l2))

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
    around the mean of this dataset.
    Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
    element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
    MAD = average | x - x_mean |
    >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
    1.0
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
    around the mean of this dataset.
    Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
    element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
    MAD = average | x - x_mean |
    >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
    1.0
    """

from typing import List


def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
    around the mean of this dataset.
    Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
    element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
    MAD = average | x - x_mean |
    >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
    1.0
    """
    if not numbers:
        return 0.0

    mean = sum(numbers) / len(numbers)
    return sum(abs(x - mean) for x in numbers) / len(numbers)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def count_up_to(n):
    """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
    integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
    for example:
    count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
    count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
    count_up_to(0) => []
    count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
    count_up_to(1) => []
    count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def count_up_to(n):
    """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
    integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
    for example:
    count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
    count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
    count_up_to(0) => []
    count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
    count_up_to(1) => []
    count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
    """

def count_up_to(n):
    """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
    integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
    for example:
    count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
    count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
    count_up_to(0) => []
    count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
    count_up_to(1) => []
    count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
    """
    if n < 2:
        return []

    is_prime = [True] * n
    is_prime[0] = is_prime[1] = False

    for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
        if is_prime[i]:
            for j in range(i * i, n, i):
                is_prime[j] = False

    return [i for i in range(n) if is_prime[i]]

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def get_closest_vowel(word):
    """You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between 
    two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).
    
    Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't
    find any vowel met the above condition. 

    You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.

    Example:
    get_closest_vowel("yogurt") ==> "u"
    get_closest_vowel("FULL") ==> "U"
    get_closest_vowel("quick") ==> ""
    get_closest_vowel("ab") ==> ""
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def get_closest_vowel(word):
    """You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between 
    two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).
    
    Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't
    find any vowel met the above condition. 

    You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.

    Example:
    get_closest_vowel("yogurt") ==> "u"
    get_closest_vowel("FULL") ==> "U"
    get_closest_vowel("quick") ==> ""
    get_closest_vowel("ab") ==> ""
    """

def get_closest_vowel(word):
    vowels = set("aeiouAEIOU")
    
    for i in range(len(word) - 2, 0, -1):
        if word[i] in vowels and word[i - 1] not in vowels and word[i + 1] not in vowels:
            return word[i]
    
    return ""

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to
    separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.
    Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other
    Ignore any spaces in the input string.
    >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')
    ['()', '(())', '(()())']
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to
    separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.
    Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other
    Ignore any spaces in the input string.
    >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')
    ['()', '(())', '(()())']
    """

from typing import List


def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:
    result = []
    current_group = []
    depth = 0

    for char in paren_string:
        if char == " ":
            continue

        if char == "(":
            depth += 1
            current_group.append(char)
        elif char == ")":
            depth -= 1
            current_group.append(char)

            if depth == 0:
                result.append("".join(current_group))
                current_group = []

    return result

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """
    def f(x: float) -> float:
        y = 0.0
        for coeff in reversed(xs):
            y = y * x + coeff
        return y

    def sign(v: float) -> int:
        if v > 0:
            return 1
        if v < 0:
            return -1
        return 0

    lo, hi = -1.0, 1.0
    flo, fhi = f(lo), f(hi)

    for _ in range(1000):
        slo, shi = sign(flo), sign(fhi)
        if slo == 0 or shi == 0 or slo != shi:
            break
        lo *= 2.0
        hi *= 2.0
        flo, fhi = f(lo), f(hi)

    for _ in range(100):
        mid = (lo + hi) / 2.0
        fmid = f(mid)
        slo, smid = sign(flo), sign(fmid)
        if slo == 0 or smid == 0 or slo != smid:
            hi = mid
        else:
            lo = mid
            flo = fmid

    return (lo + hi) / 2.0

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmplndept9m/solution.py", line 78, in <module>
    check(find_zero)
  File "/tmp/tmplndept9m/solution.py", line 75, in check
    assert _poly(*candidate(*inp), inp) <= 0.0001
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not float

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

def order_by_points(nums):
    def points(x):
        digit_sum = sum(int(ch) for ch in str(abs(x)))
        if x > 0:
            return digit_sum + 1
        if x < 0:
            return digit_sum - 1
        return digit_sum

    return sorted(nums, key=points)

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpw6eyf61h/solution.py", line 45, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmpw6eyf61h/solution.py", line 42, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpw6eyf61h/solution.py", line 35, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''
    return sum(
        x * x
        for x in lst
        if isinstance(x, int) and not isinstance(x, bool) and x > 0 and x % 2 != 0
    )

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmppqf2y1_p/solution.py", line 52, in <module>
    check(double_the_difference)
  File "/tmp/tmppqf2y1_p/solution.py", line 49, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmppqf2y1_p/solution.py", line 42, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

from typing import List, Any


def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
    """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers
    >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
    [5]
    >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
    [1, 2, 3]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List, Any


def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
    """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers
    >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
    [5]
    >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
    [1, 2, 3]
    """

from typing import List, Any


def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
    """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers
    >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
    [5]
    >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
    [1, 2, 3]
    """
    return [value for value in values if isinstance(value, int)]

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpndskffet/solution.py", line 46, in <module>
    check(filter_integers)
  File "/tmp/tmpndskffet/solution.py", line 43, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpndskffet/solution.py", line 36, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpnvdof9ri/solution.py", line 55, in <module>
    check(closest_integer)
  File "/tmp/tmpnvdof9ri/solution.py", line 52, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpnvdof9ri/solution.py", line 45, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def split_words(txt):
    '''
    Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you
    should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the
    alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25
    Examples
    split_words("Hello world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("Hello,world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("abcdef") == 3 
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def split_words(txt):
    '''
    Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you
    should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the
    alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25
    Examples
    split_words("Hello world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("Hello,world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("abcdef") == 3 
    '''

def split_words(txt):
    if any(c.isspace() for c in txt):
        return txt.split()
    if ',' in txt:
        return txt.split(',')
    return sum(1 for c in txt if 'a' <= c <= 'z' and (ord(c) - ord('a')) % 2 == 1)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """

def anti_shuffle(s):
    return ' '.join(''.join(sorted(word)) for word in s.split(' '))

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, 
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, 
    then replace all consecutive spaces with - 
    
    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, 
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, 
    then replace all consecutive spaces with - 
    
    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """

def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, 
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, 
    then replace all consecutive spaces with - 
    
    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """
    result = []
    i = 0
    n = len(text)

    while i < n:
        if text[i] == " ":
            j = i
            while j < n and text[j] == " ":
                j += 1

            count = j - i
            if count > 2:
                result.append("-")
            else:
                result.append("_" * count)

            i = j
        else:
            result.append(text[i])
            i += 1

    return "".join(result)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def encrypt(s):
    """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. 
    The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters 
    shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    For example:
    encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
    encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
    encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
    encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def encrypt(s):
    """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. 
    The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters 
    shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    For example:
    encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
    encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
    encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
    encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
    """

def encrypt(s):
    """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. 
    The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters 
    shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    For example:
    encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
    encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
    encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
    encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
    """
    shift = 4
    result = []

    for char in s:
        if char.islower():
            result.append(chr((ord(char) - ord('a') + shift) % 26 + ord('a')))
        elif char.isupper():
            result.append(chr((ord(char) - ord('A') + shift) % 26 + ord('A')))
        else:
            result.append(char)

    return ''.join(result)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def is_happy(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.
    A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct
    For example:
    is_happy(a) => False
    is_happy(aa) => False
    is_happy(abcd) => True
    is_happy(aabb) => False
    is_happy(adb) => True
    is_happy(xyy) => False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_happy(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.
    A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct
    For example:
    is_happy(a) => False
    is_happy(aa) => False
    is_happy(abcd) => True
    is_happy(aabb) => False
    is_happy(adb) => True
    is_happy(xyy) => False
    """

def is_happy(s):
    if len(s) < 3:
        return False
    for i in range(len(s) - 2):
        if s[i] == s[i + 1] or s[i] == s[i + 2] or s[i + 1] == s[i + 2]:
            return False
    return True

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp92nhvmwb/solution.py", line 55, in <module>
    check(closest_integer)
  File "/tmp/tmp92nhvmwb/solution.py", line 52, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp92nhvmwb/solution.py", line 45, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

def order_by_points(nums):
    def digit_sum(x):
        return sum(int(d) for d in str(abs(x)))

    return sorted(
        nums,
        key=lambda x: (
            digit_sum(x) - (1 if x < 0 else 0),
            0 if x < 0 else 1,
        ),
    )

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpglrbx_to/solution.py", line 46, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmpglrbx_to/solution.py", line 43, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpglrbx_to/solution.py", line 36, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, 
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, 
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

def minPath(grid, k):
    if k <= 0:
        return []

    rows = len(grid)
    cols = len(grid[0]) if rows else 0
    if rows == 0 or cols == 0:
        return []

    if rows == 1 and cols == 1:
        return [grid[0][0]] * k

    r = c = 0
    start = grid[0][0]
    for i in range(rows):
        for j in range(cols):
            if grid[i][j] < start:
                start = grid[i][j]
                r, c = i, j

    ans = [start]
    seen = {(r, c): 0}
    directions = ((1, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 1), (0, -1))

    while len(ans) < k:
        best_val = float('inf')
        best_r = best_c = -1

        for dr, dc in directions:
            nr, nc = r + dr, c + dc
            if 0 <= nr < rows and 0 <= nc < cols:
                val = grid[nr][nc]
                if val < best_val:
                    best_val = val
                    best_r, best_c = nr, nc

        if best_r == -1:
            break

        nxt = (best_r, best_c)
        if nxt in seen:
            cycle = ans[seen[nxt]:]
            remaining = k - len(ans)
            if cycle:
                reps, rem = divmod(remaining, len(cycle))
                ans.extend(cycle * reps)
                ans.extend(cycle[:rem])
            break

        seen[nxt] = len(ans)
        ans.append(best_val)
        r, c = nxt

    return ans

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
File "/tmp/tmppseuy5z1/solution.py", line 1
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
             ^^^^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

def double_the_difference(lst):
    return sum(
        x * x
        for x in lst
        if isinstance(x, int) and not isinstance(x, bool) and x > 0 and x % 2 == 1
    )

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmphyje94b5/solution.py", line 41, in <module>
    check(double_the_difference)
  File "/tmp/tmphyje94b5/solution.py", line 38, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmphyje94b5/solution.py", line 31, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

def sort_array(arr):
    return sorted(arr, key=lambda x: (bin(x).count('1'), x) if x >= 0 else (0, x))

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpg9rlu5vp/solution.py", line 37, in <module>
    check(sort_array)
  File "/tmp/tmpg9rlu5vp/solution.py", line 34, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpg9rlu5vp/solution.py", line 27, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:
    """ Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.
    >>> string_sequence(0)
    '0'
    >>> string_sequence(5)
    '0 1 2 3 4 5'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:
    """ Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.
    >>> string_sequence(0)
    '0'
    >>> string_sequence(5)
    '0 1 2 3 4 5'
    """

def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:
    """ Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.
    >>> string_sequence(0)
    '0'
    >>> string_sequence(5)
    '0 1 2 3 4 5'
    """
    return " ".join(str(i) for i in range(n + 1))

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def incr_list(l: list):
    """Return list with elements incremented by 1.
    >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])
    [2, 3, 4]
    >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def incr_list(l: list):
    """Return list with elements incremented by 1.
    >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])
    [2, 3, 4]
    >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]
    """

def incr_list(l: list):
    """Return list with elements incremented by 1.
    >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])
    [2, 3, 4]
    >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]
    """
    return [x + 1 for x in l]

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def is_sorted(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted
    in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same
    number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.

    Examples
    is_sorted([5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_sorted(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted
    in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same
    number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.

    Examples
    is_sorted([5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False
    '''

def is_sorted(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted
    in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same
    number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.

    Examples
    is_sorted([5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False
    '''
    counts = {}

    for num in lst:
        counts[num] = counts.get(num, 0) + 1
        if counts[num] > 2:
            return False

    return all(lst[i] <= lst[i + 1] for i in range(len(lst) - 1))

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """

def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """
    depth = 0
    for bracket in brackets:
        if bracket == "(":
            depth += 1
        elif bracket == ")":
            depth -= 1
            if depth < 0:
                return False
    return depth == 0

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def solve(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    if s[i] is a letter, reverse its case from lower to upper or vise versa, 
    otherwise keep it as it is.
    If the string contains no letters, reverse the string.
    The function should return the resulted string.
    Examples
    solve("1234") = "4321"
    solve("ab") = "AB"
    solve("#a@C") = "#A@c"
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def solve(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    if s[i] is a letter, reverse its case from lower to upper or vise versa, 
    otherwise keep it as it is.
    If the string contains no letters, reverse the string.
    The function should return the resulted string.
    Examples
    solve("1234") = "4321"
    solve("ab") = "AB"
    solve("#a@C") = "#A@c"
    """

def solve(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    if s[i] is a letter, reverse its case from lower to upper or vise versa, 
    otherwise keep it as it is.
    If the string contains no letters, reverse the string.
    The function should return the resulted string.
    Examples
    solve("1234") = "4321"
    solve("ab") = "AB"
    solve("#a@C") = "#A@c"
    """
    if not any(c.isalpha() for c in s):
        return s[::-1]
    
    return ''.join(c.swapcase() if c.isalpha() else c for c in s)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

def sort_array(arr):
    def ones_count(x):
        if x >= 0:
            return bin(x).count('1')
        return bin(x & 0xFFFFFFFF).count('1')

    return sorted(arr, key=lambda x: (ones_count(x), x))

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpbpt_uy22/solution.py", line 42, in <module>
    check(sort_array)
  File "/tmp/tmpbpt_uy22/solution.py", line 39, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpbpt_uy22/solution.py", line 32, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, 
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, 
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

def minPath(grid, k):
    n = len(grid)

    r = c = 0
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
            if grid[i][j] == 1:
                r, c = i, j
                break
        else:
            continue
        break

    ans = [1]
    directions = ((1, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 1), (0, -1))

    for _ in range(k - 1):
        best_val = None
        best_r = best_c = -1

        for dr, dc in directions:
            nr, nc = r + dr, c + dc
            if 0 <= nr < n and 0 <= nc < n:
                val = grid[nr][nc]
                if best_val is None or val < best_val:
                    best_val = val
                    best_r, best_c = nr, nc

        ans.append(best_val)
        r, c = best_r, best_c

    return ans

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
File "/tmp/tmp0gxpun2e/solution.py", line 1
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
             ^^^^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpiz5udno6/solution.py", line 55, in <module>
    check(closest_integer)
  File "/tmp/tmpiz5udno6/solution.py", line 52, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpiz5udno6/solution.py", line 45, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def tri(n):
    """Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in 
    the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.
    Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:
    tri(1) = 3
    tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.
    tri(n) =  tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.
    For example:
    tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2
    tri(4) = 3
    tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)
           = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 
    You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the 
    first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.
    Examples:
    tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def tri(n):
    """Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in 
    the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.
    Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:
    tri(1) = 3
    tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.
    tri(n) =  tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.
    For example:
    tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2
    tri(4) = 3
    tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)
           = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 
    You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the 
    first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.
    Examples:
    tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]
    """

def tri(n):
    """Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in 
    the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.
    Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:
    tri(1) = 3
    tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.
    tri(n) =  tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.
    For example:
    tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2
    tri(4) = 3
    tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)
           = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 
    You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the 
    first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.
    Examples:
    tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]
    """
    result = []
    for i in range(n + 1):
        if i == 0:
            result.append(1)
        elif i % 2 == 0:
            result.append(1 + i // 2)
        else:
            result.append(result[i - 1] + result[i - 2] + 1 + (i + 1) // 2)
    return result

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp3xr1hx57/solution.py", line 73, in <module>
    check(tri)
  File "/tmp/tmp3xr1hx57/solution.py", line 70, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), ref_func(*inp), 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp3xr1hx57/solution.py", line 49, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

def order_by_points(nums):
    def digit_sum(n):
        sign = (n > 0) - (n < 0)
        return sign + sum(int(ch) for ch in str(abs(n)))

    return sorted(nums, key=digit_sum)

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpptnl2jhl/solution.py", line 41, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmpptnl2jhl/solution.py", line 38, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpptnl2jhl/solution.py", line 31, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def fib(n: int):
    """Return n-th Fibonacci number.
    >>> fib(10)
    55
    >>> fib(1)
    1
    >>> fib(8)
    21
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def fib(n: int):
    """Return n-th Fibonacci number.
    >>> fib(10)
    55
    >>> fib(1)
    1
    >>> fib(8)
    21
    """

def fib(n: int):
    """Return n-th Fibonacci number.
    >>> fib(10)
    55
    >>> fib(1)
    1
    >>> fib(8)
    21
    """
    a, b = 0, 1
    for _ in range(n):
        a, b = b, a + b
    return a

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def tri(n):
    """Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in 
    the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.
    Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:
    tri(1) = 3
    tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.
    tri(n) =  tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.
    For example:
    tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2
    tri(4) = 3
    tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)
           = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 
    You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the 
    first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.
    Examples:
    tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def tri(n):
    """Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in 
    the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.
    Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:
    tri(1) = 3
    tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.
    tri(n) =  tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.
    For example:
    tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2
    tri(4) = 3
    tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)
           = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 
    You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the 
    first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.
    Examples:
    tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]
    """

def tri(n):
    """Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in 
    the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.
    Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:
    tri(1) = 3
    tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.
    tri(n) =  tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.
    For example:
    tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2
    tri(4) = 3
    tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)
           = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 
    You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the 
    first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.
    Examples:
    tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]
    """
    if n < 0:
        return []

    result = []
    for i in range(n + 1):
        if i == 0:
            result.append(1)
        elif i == 1:
            result.append(3)
        elif i % 2 == 0:
            result.append(1 + i // 2)
        else:
            result.append(result[i - 1] + result[i - 2] + 1 + (i + 1) // 2)

    return result

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """
    seen = set()
    for x in l:
        if -x in seen:
            return True
        seen.add(x)
    return False

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
    """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
    >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
    29
    >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
    2
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
    """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
    >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
    29
    >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
    2
    """

def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
    """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
    >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
    29
    >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
    2
    """
    largest = 1

    while n % 2 == 0:
        largest = 2
        n //= 2

    factor = 3
    while factor * factor <= n:
        while n % factor == 0:
            largest = factor
            n //= factor
        factor += 2

    if n > 1:
        largest = n

    return largest

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:
    """ Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.
    Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.
    Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest
    >>> sort_numbers('three one five')
    'one three five'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:
    """ Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.
    Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.
    Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest
    >>> sort_numbers('three one five')
    'one three five'
    """

from typing import List


def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:
    """ Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.
    Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.
    Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest
    >>> sort_numbers('three one five')
    'one three five'
    """
    value_map = {
        "zero": 0,
        "one": 1,
        "two": 2,
        "three": 3,
        "four": 4,
        "five": 5,
        "six": 6,
        "seven": 7,
        "eight": 8,
        "nine": 9,
    }

    if not numbers:
        return ""

    return " ".join(sorted(numbers.split(), key=lambda x: value_map[x]))

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpd2e08bz2/solution.py", line 55, in <module>
    check(closest_integer)
  File "/tmp/tmpd2e08bz2/solution.py", line 52, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpd2e08bz2/solution.py", line 45, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def valid_date(date):
    """You have to write a function which validates a given date string and
    returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.
    The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:
    1. The date string is not empty.
    2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.
    3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.
    4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy

    for example: 
    valid_date('03-11-2000') => True

    valid_date('15-01-2012') => False

    valid_date('04-0-2040') => False

    valid_date('06-04-2020') => True

    valid_date('06/04/2020') => False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def valid_date(date):
    """You have to write a function which validates a given date string and
    returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.
    The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:
    1. The date string is not empty.
    2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.
    3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.
    4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy

    for example: 
    valid_date('03-11-2000') => True

    valid_date('15-01-2012') => False

    valid_date('04-0-2040') => False

    valid_date('06-04-2020') => True

    valid_date('06/04/2020') => False
    """

def valid_date(date):
    if not isinstance(date, str) or not date:
        return False

    parts = date.split('-')
    if len(parts) != 3:
        return False

    if not all(part.isdigit() for part in parts):
        return False

    try:
        month, day, year = map(int, parts)
    except ValueError:
        return False

    if month < 1 or month > 12:
        return False

    if month in (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12):
        return 1 <= day <= 31
    if month in (4, 6, 9, 11):
        return 1 <= day <= 30
    if month == 2:
        return 1 <= day <= 29

    return False

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpsnyxci5h/solution.py", line 62, in <module>
    check(valid_date)
  File "/tmp/tmpsnyxci5h/solution.py", line 59, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpsnyxci5h/solution.py", line 52, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def file_name_check(file_name):
    """Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns
    'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.
    A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions 
    are met:
    - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.
    - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'
    - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from 
    the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').
    - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']
    Examples:
    file_name_check("example.txt") # => 'Yes'
    file_name_check("1example.dll") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def file_name_check(file_name):
    """Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns
    'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.
    A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions 
    are met:
    - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.
    - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'
    - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from 
    the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').
    - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']
    Examples:
    file_name_check("example.txt") # => 'Yes'
    file_name_check("1example.dll") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)
    """

def file_name_check(file_name):
    if file_name.count('.') != 1:
        return 'No'

    name, ext = file_name.split('.')

    if not name:
        return 'No'

    first_char = name[0]
    if not (('a' <= first_char <= 'z') or ('A' <= first_char <= 'Z')):
        return 'No'

    if ext not in ('txt', 'exe', 'dll'):
        return 'No'

    digit_count = sum(1 for ch in file_name if '0' <= ch <= '9')
    if digit_count > 3:
        return 'No'

    return 'Yes'

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpoysv4i9x/solution.py", line 56, in <module>
    check(file_name_check)
  File "/tmp/tmpoysv4i9x/solution.py", line 53, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpoysv4i9x/solution.py", line 46, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, 
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, 
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

def minPath(grid, k):
    if not grid or k <= 0:
        return []

    n = len(grid)
    start_val = None
    r = c = 0

    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(len(grid[i])):
            if start_val is None or grid[i][j] < start_val:
                start_val = grid[i][j]
                r, c = i, j

    if start_val is None:
        return []

    path = [start_val]
    seen = {(r, c): 0}
    directions = ((1, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 1), (0, -1))

    while len(path) < k:
        best_val = None
        best_r = best_c = -1

        for dr, dc in directions:
            nr, nc = r + dr, c + dc
            if 0 <= nr < n and 0 <= nc < len(grid[nr]):
                v = grid[nr][nc]
                if best_val is None or v < best_val:
                    best_val = v
                    best_r, best_c = nr, nc

        if best_val is None:
            path.extend([path[-1]] * (k - len(path)))
            break

        nxt = (best_r, best_c)
        if nxt in seen:
            cycle_start = seen[nxt]
            cycle = path[cycle_start:]
            remaining = k - cycle_start
            if cycle and remaining > 0:
                repeats = (remaining + len(cycle) - 1) // len(cycle)
                path = path[:cycle_start] + (cycle * repeats)[:remaining]
            break

        path.append(best_val)
        seen[nxt] = len(path) - 1
        r, c = best_r, best_c

    return path

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
File "/tmp/tmpz67n09sh/solution.py", line 1
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
             ^^^^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    coeffs = list(xs)
    while len(coeffs) > 1 and coeffs[-1] == 0:
        coeffs.pop()

    if len(coeffs) <= 1:
        return 0.0

    if len(coeffs) == 2:
        return -coeffs[0] / coeffs[1] if coeffs[1] != 0 else 0.0

    def f(x: float) -> float:
        y = 0.0
        for coeff in reversed(coeffs):
            y = y * x + coeff
        return y

    def sign(v: float) -> int:
        if v > 0:
            return 1
        if v < 0:
            return -1
        return 0

    lo, hi = -1.0, 1.0
    slo, shi = sign(f(lo)), sign(f(hi))

    for _ in range(1000):
        if slo == 0 or shi == 0 or slo != shi:
            break
        lo *= 2.0
        hi *= 2.0
        slo, shi = sign(f(lo)), sign(f(hi))
    else:
        return 0.0

    for _ in range(1000):
        mid = (lo + hi) / 2.0
        if mid == lo or mid == hi:
            break

        sm = sign(f(mid))
        if slo == 0 or sm == 0 or slo != sm:
            hi = mid
        else:
            lo = mid
            slo = sm

    return (lo + hi) / 2.0

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmplua4smwu/solution.py", line 76, in <module>
    check(find_zero)
  File "/tmp/tmplua4smwu/solution.py", line 73, in check
    assert _poly(*candidate(*inp), inp) <= 0.0001
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not float

def decimal_to_binary(decimal):
    """You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to
    binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary
    number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.

    There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.
    The extra characters are there to help with the format.

    Examples:
    decimal_to_binary(15)   # returns "db1111db"
    decimal_to_binary(32)   # returns "db100000db"
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def decimal_to_binary(decimal):
    """You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to
    binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary
    number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.

    There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.
    The extra characters are there to help with the format.

    Examples:
    decimal_to_binary(15)   # returns "db1111db"
    decimal_to_binary(32)   # returns "db100000db"
    """

def decimal_to_binary(decimal):
    """You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to
    binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary
    number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.

    There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.
    The extra characters are there to help with the format.

    Examples:
    decimal_to_binary(15)   # returns "db1111db"
    decimal_to_binary(32)   # returns "db100000db"
    """
    return "db" + bin(decimal)[2:] + "db"

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def string_to_md5(text):
    """
    Given a string 'text', return its md5 hash equivalent string.
    If 'text' is an empty string, return None.

    >>> string_to_md5('Hello world') == '3e25960a79dbc69b674cd4ec67a72c62'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def string_to_md5(text):
    """
    Given a string 'text', return its md5 hash equivalent string.
    If 'text' is an empty string, return None.

    >>> string_to_md5('Hello world') == '3e25960a79dbc69b674cd4ec67a72c62'
    """

import hashlib

def string_to_md5(text):
    """
    Given a string 'text', return its md5 hash equivalent string.
    If 'text' is an empty string, return None.

    >>> string_to_md5('Hello world') == '3e25960a79dbc69b674cd4ec67a72c62'
    """
    if text == "":
        return None
    return hashlib.md5(text.encode()).hexdigest()

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List, Tuple


def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
    """ For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.
    Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.
    >>> sum_product([])
    (0, 1)
    >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])
    (10, 24)
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List, Tuple


def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
    """ For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.
    Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.
    >>> sum_product([])
    (0, 1)
    >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])
    (10, 24)
    """

from typing import List, Tuple


def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
    """ For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.
    Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.
    >>> sum_product([])
    (0, 1)
    >>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])
    (10, 24)
    """
    total_sum = 0
    total_product = 1

    for number in numbers:
        total_sum += number
        total_product *= number

    return total_sum, total_product

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def unique_digits(x):
    """Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all 
    elements that hasn't any even digit.

    Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.
    
    For example:
    >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])
    [1, 15, 33]
    >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])
    []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def unique_digits(x):
    """Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all 
    elements that hasn't any even digit.

    Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.
    
    For example:
    >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])
    [1, 15, 33]
    >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])
    []
    """

def unique_digits(x):
    """Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all 
    elements that hasn't any even digit.

    Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.
    
    For example:
    >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])
    [1, 15, 33]
    >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])
    []
    """
    return sorted(
        num for num in x
        if all(int(digit) % 2 == 1 for digit in str(num))
    )

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def add_elements(arr, k):
    """
    Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return
    the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.

    Example:

        Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4
        Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3

    Constraints:
        1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100
        2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def add_elements(arr, k):
    """
    Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return
    the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.

    Example:

        Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4
        Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3

    Constraints:
        1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100
        2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)
    """

def add_elements(arr, k):
    """
    Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return
    the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.

    Example:

        Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4
        Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3

    Constraints:
        1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100
        2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)
    """
    return sum(x for x in arr[:k] if abs(x) < 100)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

def is_nested(string):
    stack = []
    for char in string:
        if char == '[':
            stack.append(char)
        elif char == ']':
            if stack:
                stack.pop()
                if stack:
                    return True
    return False

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmptd1_7et5/solution.py", line 46, in <module>
    check(is_nested)
  File "/tmp/tmptd1_7et5/solution.py", line 43, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmptd1_7et5/solution.py", line 36, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''
    return sum(
        x * x
        for x in lst
        if isinstance(x, int) and not isinstance(x, bool) and x > 0 and x % 2 == 1
    )

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpz3v9ymhv/solution.py", line 52, in <module>
    check(double_the_difference)
  File "/tmp/tmpz3v9ymhv/solution.py", line 49, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpz3v9ymhv/solution.py", line 42, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def prime_fib(n: int):
    """
    prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.
    >>> prime_fib(1)
    2
    >>> prime_fib(2)
    3
    >>> prime_fib(3)
    5
    >>> prime_fib(4)
    13
    >>> prime_fib(5)
    89
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def prime_fib(n: int):
    """
    prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.
    >>> prime_fib(1)
    2
    >>> prime_fib(2)
    3
    >>> prime_fib(3)
    5
    >>> prime_fib(4)
    13
    >>> prime_fib(5)
    89
    """

def prime_fib(n: int):
    """
    prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.
    >>> prime_fib(1)
    2
    >>> prime_fib(2)
    3
    >>> prime_fib(3)
    5
    >>> prime_fib(4)
    13
    >>> prime_fib(5)
    89
    """

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpi8elnw_n/solution.py", line 52, in <module>
    check(prime_fib)
  File "/tmp/tmpi8elnw_n/solution.py", line 49, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpi8elnw_n/solution.py", line 42, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

def order_by_points(nums):
    def digit_sum(x):
        s = sum(int(ch) for ch in str(abs(x)))
        if x > 0:
            s += 1
        elif x < 0:
            s -= 1
        return s

    return [x for _, x in sorted(enumerate(nums), key=lambda item: (digit_sum(item[1]), item[0]))]

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpe305pi0a/solution.py", line 45, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmpe305pi0a/solution.py", line 42, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpe305pi0a/solution.py", line 35, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

from typing import List, Any


def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
    """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers
    >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
    [5]
    >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
    [1, 2, 3]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List, Any


def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
    """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers
    >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
    [5]
    >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
    [1, 2, 3]
    """

from typing import List, Any


def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
    """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers
    >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
    [5]
    >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
    [1, 2, 3]
    """
    return [x for x in values if isinstance(x, int)]

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpnjf369dd/solution.py", line 46, in <module>
    check(filter_integers)
  File "/tmp/tmpnjf369dd/solution.py", line 43, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpnjf369dd/solution.py", line 36, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """

def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """
    depth = 0
    for bracket in brackets:
        if bracket == "(":
            depth += 1
        elif bracket == ")":
            depth -= 1
            if depth < 0:
                return False
    return depth == 0

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def add_elements(arr, k):
    """
    Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return
    the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.

    Example:

        Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4
        Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3

    Constraints:
        1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100
        2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def add_elements(arr, k):
    """
    Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return
    the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.

    Example:

        Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4
        Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3

    Constraints:
        1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100
        2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)
    """

def add_elements(arr, k):
    """
    Given a non-empty array of integers arr and an integer k, return
    the sum of the elements with at most two digits from the first k elements of arr.

    Example:

        Input: arr = [111,21,3,4000,5,6,7,8,9], k = 4
        Output: 24 # sum of 21 + 3

    Constraints:
        1. 1 <= len(arr) <= 100
        2. 1 <= k <= len(arr)
    """
    return sum(x for x in arr[:k] if abs(x) < 100)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

import math

def max_fill(grid, capacity):
    """
    You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,
    and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.
    Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, 
    and all buckets have the same capacity.
    Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.
    Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.

    Example 1:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 1
        Output: 6

    Example 2:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 2
        Output: 5
    
    Example 3:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]
            bucket_capacity : 5
        Output: 0

    Constraints:
        * all wells have the same length
        * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2
        * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2
        * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1
        * 1 <= capacity <= 10
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math

def max_fill(grid, capacity):
    """
    You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,
    and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.
    Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, 
    and all buckets have the same capacity.
    Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.
    Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.

    Example 1:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 1
        Output: 6

    Example 2:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 2
        Output: 5
    
    Example 3:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]
            bucket_capacity : 5
        Output: 0

    Constraints:
        * all wells have the same length
        * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2
        * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2
        * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1
        * 1 <= capacity <= 10
    """

import math

def max_fill(grid, capacity):
    """
    You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,
    and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.
    Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, 
    and all buckets have the same capacity.
    Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.
    Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.

    Example 1:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 1
        Output: 6

    Example 2:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 2
        Output: 5
    
    Example 3:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]
            bucket_capacity : 5
        Output: 0

    Constraints:
        * all wells have the same length
        * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2
        * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2
        * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1
        * 1 <= capacity <= 10
    """
    return sum(math.ceil(sum(well) / capacity) for well in grid)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def prod_signs(arr):
    """
    You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return
    sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs
    of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.
    Note: return None for empty arr.

    Example:
    >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9
    >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0
    >>> prod_signs([]) == None
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def prod_signs(arr):
    """
    You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return
    sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs
    of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.
    Note: return None for empty arr.

    Example:
    >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9
    >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0
    >>> prod_signs([]) == None
    """

def prod_signs(arr):
    """
    You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return
    sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs
    of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.
    Note: return None for empty arr.

    Example:
    >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9
    >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0
    >>> prod_signs([]) == None
    """
    if not arr:
        return None

    total = 0
    sign_product = 1

    for num in arr:
        total += abs(num)

        if num == 0:
            return 0
        elif num < 0:
            sign_product *= -1

    return total * sign_product

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):
    """Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers
    Example
    is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):
    """Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers
    Example
    is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True
    """

def is_equal_to_sum_even(n):
    """Evaluate whether the given number n can be written as the sum of exactly 4 positive even numbers
    Example
    is_equal_to_sum_even(4) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(6) == False
    is_equal_to_sum_even(8) == True
    """
    return n >= 8 and n % 2 == 0

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

def double_the_difference(lst):
    return sum(
        x * x
        for x in lst
        if isinstance(x, int) and not isinstance(x, bool) and x > 0 and x % 2 == 1
    )

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpa385gxi8/solution.py", line 41, in <module>
    check(double_the_difference)
  File "/tmp/tmpa385gxi8/solution.py", line 38, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpa385gxi8/solution.py", line 31, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpv8jbl3xo/solution.py", line 44, in <module>
    check(find_zero)
  File "/tmp/tmpv8jbl3xo/solution.py", line 41, in check
    assert _poly(*candidate(*inp), inp) <= 0.0001
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not NoneType

def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

def is_nested(string):
    state = 0

    for ch in string:
        if state == 0 and ch == '[':
            state = 1
        elif state == 1 and ch == '[':
            state = 2
        elif state == 2 and ch == ']':
            state = 3
        elif state == 3 and ch == ']':
            return True

    return False

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpwdjcapww/solution.py", line 49, in <module>
    check(is_nested)
  File "/tmp/tmpwdjcapww/solution.py", line 46, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpwdjcapww/solution.py", line 39, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def file_name_check(file_name):
    """Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns
    'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.
    A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions 
    are met:
    - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.
    - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'
    - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from 
    the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').
    - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']
    Examples:
    file_name_check("example.txt") # => 'Yes'
    file_name_check("1example.dll") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def file_name_check(file_name):
    """Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns
    'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.
    A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions 
    are met:
    - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.
    - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'
    - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from 
    the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').
    - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']
    Examples:
    file_name_check("example.txt") # => 'Yes'
    file_name_check("1example.dll") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)
    """

def file_name_check(file_name):
    if file_name.count('.') != 1:
        return 'No'

    name, extension = file_name.split('.')

    if not name:
        return 'No'

    first_char = name[0]
    if not (('a' <= first_char <= 'z') or ('A' <= first_char <= 'Z')):
        return 'No'

    if extension not in ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']:
        return 'No'

    digit_count = sum(1 for char in file_name if '0' <= char <= '9')
    if digit_count > 3:
        return 'No'

    return 'Yes'

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpukcfcgeh/solution.py", line 56, in <module>
    check(file_name_check)
  File "/tmp/tmpukcfcgeh/solution.py", line 53, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpukcfcgeh/solution.py", line 46, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

def sort_array(arr):
    return sorted(arr, key=lambda x: (-1, x) if x < 0 else (bin(x).count('1'), x))

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpnpe8qlg2/solution.py", line 37, in <module>
    check(sort_array)
  File "/tmp/tmpnpe8qlg2/solution.py", line 34, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpnpe8qlg2/solution.py", line 27, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:
    """ Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of
    >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')
    3
    >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')
    4
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:
    """ Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of
    >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')
    3
    >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')
    4
    """

def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:
    """ Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of
    >>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')
    3
    >>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')
    4
    """
    return len(set(string.lower()))

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """

def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """
    digits = str(abs(num))
    even = sum(1 for d in digits if int(d) % 2 == 0)
    odd = len(digits) - even
    return (even, odd)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def prod_signs(arr):
    """
    You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return
    sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs
    of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.
    Note: return None for empty arr.

    Example:
    >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9
    >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0
    >>> prod_signs([]) == None
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def prod_signs(arr):
    """
    You are given an array arr of integers and you need to return
    sum of magnitudes of integers multiplied by product of all signs
    of each number in the array, represented by 1, -1 or 0.
    Note: return None for empty arr.

    Example:
    >>> prod_signs([1, 2, 2, -4]) == -9
    >>> prod_signs([0, 1]) == 0
    >>> prod_signs([]) == None
    """

def prod_signs(arr):
    if not arr:
        return None

    sign_product = 1
    magnitude_sum = 0

    for num in arr:
        magnitude_sum += abs(num)

        if num > 0:
            sign_product *= 1
        elif num < 0:
            sign_product *= -1
        else:
            sign_product = 0

    return magnitude_sum * sign_product

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

import math

def max_fill(grid, capacity):
    """
    You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,
    and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.
    Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, 
    and all buckets have the same capacity.
    Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.
    Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.

    Example 1:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 1
        Output: 6

    Example 2:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 2
        Output: 5
    
    Example 3:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]
            bucket_capacity : 5
        Output: 0

    Constraints:
        * all wells have the same length
        * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2
        * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2
        * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1
        * 1 <= capacity <= 10
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math

def max_fill(grid, capacity):
    """
    You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,
    and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.
    Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, 
    and all buckets have the same capacity.
    Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.
    Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.

    Example 1:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 1
        Output: 6

    Example 2:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 2
        Output: 5
    
    Example 3:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]
            bucket_capacity : 5
        Output: 0

    Constraints:
        * all wells have the same length
        * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2
        * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2
        * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1
        * 1 <= capacity <= 10
    """

import math

def max_fill(grid, capacity):
    """
    You are given a rectangular grid of wells. Each row represents a single well,
    and each 1 in a row represents a single unit of water.
    Each well has a corresponding bucket that can be used to extract water from it, 
    and all buckets have the same capacity.
    Your task is to use the buckets to empty the wells.
    Output the number of times you need to lower the buckets.

    Example 1:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,0], [0,1,0,0], [1,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 1
        Output: 6

    Example 2:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,1,1], [0,0,0,0], [1,1,1,1], [0,1,1,1]]
            bucket_capacity : 2
        Output: 5
    
    Example 3:
        Input: 
            grid : [[0,0,0], [0,0,0]]
            bucket_capacity : 5
        Output: 0

    Constraints:
        * all wells have the same length
        * 1 <= grid.length <= 10^2
        * 1 <= grid[:,1].length <= 10^2
        * grid[i][j] -> 0 | 1
        * 1 <= capacity <= 10
    """
    return sum(math.ceil(sum(well) / capacity) for well in grid)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def sum_to_n(n: int):
    """sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.
    >>> sum_to_n(30)
    465
    >>> sum_to_n(100)
    5050
    >>> sum_to_n(5)
    15
    >>> sum_to_n(10)
    55
    >>> sum_to_n(1)
    1
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def sum_to_n(n: int):
    """sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.
    >>> sum_to_n(30)
    465
    >>> sum_to_n(100)
    5050
    >>> sum_to_n(5)
    15
    >>> sum_to_n(10)
    55
    >>> sum_to_n(1)
    1
    """

def sum_to_n(n: int):
    """sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.
    >>> sum_to_n(30)
    465
    >>> sum_to_n(100)
    5050
    >>> sum_to_n(5)
    15
    >>> sum_to_n(10)
    55
    >>> sum_to_n(1)
    1
    """
    return n * (n + 1) // 2

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmptignss6k/solution.py", line 55, in <module>
    check(closest_integer)
  File "/tmp/tmptignss6k/solution.py", line 52, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmptignss6k/solution.py", line 45, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def is_bored(S):
    """
    You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
    of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
    Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.
   
    For example:
    >>> is_bored("Hello world")
    0
    >>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
    1
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_bored(S):
    """
    You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
    of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
    Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.
   
    For example:
    >>> is_bored("Hello world")
    0
    >>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
    1
    """

def is_bored(S):
    """
    You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
    of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
    Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.
   
    For example:
    >>> is_bored("Hello world")
    0
    >>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
    1
    """
    import re

    count = 0
    for sentence in re.split(r'[.?!]', S):
        words = sentence.split()
        if words and words[0] == "I":
            count += 1
    return count

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpi98tdek1/solution.py", line 55, in <module>
    check(is_bored)
  File "/tmp/tmpi98tdek1/solution.py", line 52, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpi98tdek1/solution.py", line 45, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

from typing import List, Any


def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
    """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers
    >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
    [5]
    >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
    [1, 2, 3]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List, Any


def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
    """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers
    >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
    [5]
    >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
    [1, 2, 3]
    """

from typing import List, Any


def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
    """ Filter given list of any python values only for integers
    >>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
    [5]
    >>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
    [1, 2, 3]
    """
    return [value for value in values if isinstance(value, int)]

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpokcfalsr/solution.py", line 46, in <module>
    check(filter_integers)
  File "/tmp/tmpokcfalsr/solution.py", line 43, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpokcfalsr/solution.py", line 36, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def specialFilter(nums):
    """Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns 
    the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both 
    first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).
    For example:
    specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 
    specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def specialFilter(nums):
    """Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns 
    the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both 
    first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).
    For example:
    specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 
    specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2
    """

def specialFilter(nums):
    """Write a function that takes an array of numbers as input and returns 
    the number of elements in the array that are greater than 10 and both 
    first and last digits of a number are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).
    For example:
    specialFilter([15, -73, 14, -15]) => 1 
    specialFilter([33, -2, -3, 45, 21, 109]) => 2
    """

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpix3h8t17/solution.py", line 45, in <module>
    check(specialFilter)
  File "/tmp/tmpix3h8t17/solution.py", line 42, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpix3h8t17/solution.py", line 35, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

def is_nested(string):
    target = '[[]]'
    i = 0

    for ch in string:
        if ch == target[i]:
            i += 1
            if i == len(target):
                return True

    return False

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpjoelmk4z/solution.py", line 46, in <module>
    check(is_nested)
  File "/tmp/tmpjoelmk4z/solution.py", line 43, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpjoelmk4z/solution.py", line 36, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError