HumanEval+

def can_arrange(arr):
    """Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which
    is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If
    no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain
    duplicate values.

    Examples:
    can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3
    can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def can_arrange(arr):
    """Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which
    is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If
    no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain
    duplicate values.

    Examples:
    can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3
    can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1
    """

def can_arrange(arr):
    """Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which
    is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If
    no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain
    duplicate values.

    Examples:
    can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3
    can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1
    """
    largest_index = -1
    for i in range(1, len(arr)):
        if arr[i] < arr[i - 1]:
            largest_index = i
    return largest_index

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
    """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
    Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
    >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
    [1, 3, 4]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
    """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
    Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
    >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
    [1, 3, 4]
    """

from typing import List


def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
    """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
    Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
    >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
    [1, 3, 4]
    """
    counts = {}
    for num in numbers:
        counts[num] = counts.get(num, 0) + 1
    return [num for num in numbers if counts[num] == 1]

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.
    For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.
    E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.

    >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')
    [2, 3, 1, 3]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.
    For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.
    E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.

    >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')
    [2, 3, 1, 3]
    """

from typing import List


def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.
    For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.
    E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.

    >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')
    [2, 3, 1, 3]
    """
    groups = paren_string.split()
    result = []
    for group in groups:
        max_depth = 0
        current_depth = 0
        for char in group:
            if char == '(':
                current_depth += 1
                if current_depth > max_depth:
                    max_depth = current_depth
            elif char == ')':
                current_depth -= 1
        result.append(max_depth)
    return result

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """

from typing import List


def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """
    if not music_string:
        return []
    
    notes = music_string.split()
    result = []
    for note in notes:
        if note == 'o':
            result.append(4)
        elif note == 'o|':
            result.append(2)
        elif note == '.|':
            result.append(1)
    
    return result

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """
    seen = set()
    for num in l:
        if -num in seen:
            return True
        seen.add(num)
    return False

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''

def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''
    if not txt:
        return False
    
    # Strip trailing whitespace to find the actual last non-space character
    stripped = txt.rstrip()
    
    if not stripped:
        return False
    
    last_char = stripped[-1]
    
    # Check if the last character is an alphabetical character
    if not last_char.isalpha():
        return False
    
    # Check if it is not part of a word.
    # A single character word means it's separated by spaces from other words.
    # So we need to check if this last character forms a word by itself.
    # That means the character before it (if exists) should be a space, or it's the only character.
    
    # Split the stripped string into words
    words = stripped.split()
    
    if not words:
        return False
    
    last_word = words[-1]
    
    # The last character is not part of a word if the last word is exactly that single character
    # and it's alphabetical (which we already checked).
    # "not a part of a word" means it stands alone as a single-letter word.
    if len(last_word) == 1:
        return True
    else:
        return False

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp1pv_wkqw/solution.py", line 83, in <module>
    check(check_if_last_char_is_a_letter)
  File "/tmp/tmp1pv_wkqw/solution.py", line 80, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp1pv_wkqw/solution.py", line 73, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, 
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, 
    then replace all consecutive spaces with - 
    
    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, 
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, 
    then replace all consecutive spaces with - 
    
    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """

def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, 
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, 
    then replace all consecutive spaces with - 
    
    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """
    import re
    # Replace sequences of 3 or more spaces with '-'
    # Replace sequences of 1 or 2 spaces with '_'
    # We need to handle longer sequences first, then shorter ones
    result = re.sub(r' {3,}', '-', text)
    result = re.sub(r' {1,2}', '_', result)
    return result

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp0ccax_bf/solution.py", line 53, in <module>
    check(fix_spaces)
  File "/tmp/tmp0ccax_bf/solution.py", line 50, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp0ccax_bf/solution.py", line 43, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """
    def sort_key(x):
        # For negative numbers, we need to handle them appropriately.
        # The problem says "non-negative integers" in the description, but the test cases include negatives.
        # Looking at the test case: sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
        # This suggests that for negative numbers, they are sorted by their decimal value (ascending).
        # But wait, the primary sort key is number of ones in binary representation.
        # For negative numbers in Python, bin() gives a representation with a minus sign and the binary of the absolute value.
        # Let's think about this more carefully.
        # The problem statement says "non-negative integers" but the test includes negatives.
        # Let's look at the expected output for negatives: [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
        # -6 in binary (two's complement conceptually, but Python's bin(-6) is '-0b110')
        # If we count ones in the binary representation of the absolute value:
        # -2: bin(2) = '0b10' -> 1 one
        # -3: bin(3) = '0b11' -> 2 ones
        # -4: bin(4) = '0b100' -> 1 one
        # -5: bin(5) = '0b101' -> 2 ones
        # -6: bin(6) = '0b110' -> 2 ones
        # If we sort by number of ones then by value:
        # -2 (1 one, value -2), -4 (1 one, value -4) -> sorted by value: -4, -2
        # -3 (2 ones, value -3), -5 (2 ones, value -5), -6 (2 ones, value -6) -> sorted by value: -6, -5, -3
        # Combined: [-4, -2, -6, -5, -3] which doesn't match [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
        
        # Hmm, let me reconsider. Perhaps for negative numbers, the sorting is just by decimal value?
        # Or perhaps the problem intends that negative numbers are handled differently.
        
        # Actually, looking more carefully at the problem, it says "non-negative integers" in the description.
        # The test case with negatives might be an edge case or the problem might have been updated.
        # Let me try another interpretation: maybe we should use the two's complement representation for a fixed number of bits?
        # That seems overly complex.
        
        # Let me try: for negative numbers, just sort by their value. For non-negativ

…[380 characters truncated — full trace in blob]…

.
        
        # Actually, I think the simplest interpretation that matches all test cases is:
        # For non-negative: sort by (popcount, value)
        # For negative: the test shows they end up sorted by value. 
        # But how do negatives and non-negatives interact? The test cases don't mix them.
        
        # Let me just implement: sort by (popcount of absolute value for negatives? or just handle negatives specially)
        
        # Actually, let me try: for any number, compute popcount of its binary representation.
        # For negative numbers in Python, bin(-6) = '-0b110'. If we count ones in '110', that's 2.
        # Let me try sorting all numbers by (popcount of bin(x)[2:] if x >= 0 else popcount of bin(abs(x))[2:], x)
        
        # For negatives:
        # -2: popcount(10) = 1, value -2
        # -3: popcount(11) = 2, value -3
        # -4: popcount(100) = 1, value -4
        # -5: popcount(101) = 2, value -5
        # -6: popcount(110) = 2, value -6
        # Sorted by (popcount, value):
        # popcount 1: -4, -2
        # popcount 2: -6, -5, -3
        # Result: [-4, -2, -6, -5, -3] != [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
        
        # So that doesn't work. Let me try another approach: maybe negative numbers are sorted purely by value, ignoring popcount?
        # Or maybe the problem expects us to treat negative numbers as having a very high popcount or something?
        
        # Let me try: if x < 0, use a large popcount so they come last, then sort by value.
        # But the expected output has negatives sorted among themselves by value.
        
        # Hmm, let me try: for negative numbers, use popcount = infinity (or a very large number), so they all come after non-negatives, and among themselves sorted by value.
        # But the test case only has negatives, so they'd be sorted by value: [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]. That matches!
        
        # Let me verify with non-negative test case:
        # [1, 5, 2, 3, 4]
        # 1: popcount(1) = 1
        # 5: popcount(101) = 2
        # 2: popcount(10) = 1
        # 3: popcount(11) = 2
        # 4: popcount(100) = 1
        # Sorted by (popcount, value):
        # popcount 1: 1, 2, 4
        # popcount 2: 3, 5
        # Result: [1, 2, 4, 3, 5] but expected is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
        
        # That doesn't match either! Let me re-check.
        # Expected: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
        # My calculation: [1, 2, 4, 3, 5]
        
        # Wait, let me recount:
        # 1 = 1 -> 1 one
        # 2 = 10 -> 1 one
        # 3 = 11 -> 2 ones
        # 4 = 100 -> 1 one
        # 5 = 101 -> 2 ones
        
        # Sorted by (popcount, value):
        # (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 5)
        # Result: [1, 2, 4, 3, 5]
        
        # But expected is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. That's just sorted by value!
        
        # Hmm, let me re-read the problem. "sort an array of non-negative integers according to number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order. For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value."
        
        # So for [1, 5, 2, 3, 4]:
        # 1: 1 one
        # 2: 1 one
        # 3: 2 ones
        # 4: 1 one
        # 5: 2 ones
        
        # Grouped by popcount:
        # 1 one: 1, 2, 4 -> sorted by value: 1, 2, 4
        # 2 ones: 3, 5 -> sorted by value: 3, 5
        # Combined: [1, 2, 4, 3, 5]
        
        # But the expected output is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. This is just regular sorting!
        
        # Wait, maybe I'm misunderstanding. Let me check if the expected output in the docstring is correct or if there's an error.
        # Actually, looking at it again, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] IS the result of sorting by popcount then value IF the popcounts happen to align with the values. But they don't in this case.
        
        # Let me double-check: is 3 supposed to come before 4?
        # 3 has 2 ones, 4 has 1 one. So 4 should come before 3.
        # Expected says 3 comes before 4. That contradicts the problem statement.
        
        # Unless... the problem statement in the docstring has an error, or I'm misreading it.
        
        # Let me look at the third test case: sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
        # Note: there's no == here, it's just showing the result.
        # 0: 0 ones
        # 1: 1 one
        # 2: 1 one
        # 3: 2 ones
        # 4: 1 one
        
        # Sorted by (popcount, value):
        # 0 ones: 0
        # 1 one: 1, 2, 4
        # 2 ones: 3
        # Result: [0, 1, 2, 4, 3]
        
        # But expected is [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]. Again, this is just regular sorting.
        
        # I think there might be an error in the docstring examples, OR the problem is simply to sort by value.
        # But the problem description clearly states to sort by number of ones.
        
        # Let me implement it as described in the problem statement (sort by popcount, then by value) and see.
        # The docstring examples might be incorrect.
        
        if x < 0:
            # For negative numbers, based on the test case, they seem to be sorted by value.
            # Let's use a large popcount so they come after non-negatives, then sort by value.
            return (float('inf'), x)
        else:
            return (bin(x).count('1'), x)
    
    return sorted(arr, key=sort_key)

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpxw58t_l0/solution.py", line 198, in <module>
    check(sort_array)
  File "/tmp/tmpxw58t_l0/solution.py", line 195, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpxw58t_l0/solution.py", line 188, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def fruit_distribution(s,n):
    """
    In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges 
    that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains 
    apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of 
    the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits 
    in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.
    for examble:
    fruit_distribution("5 apples and 6 oranges", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8
    fruit_distribution("0 apples and 1 oranges",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2
    fruit_distribution("2 apples and 3 oranges", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95
    fruit_distribution("100 apples and 1 oranges",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def fruit_distribution(s,n):
    """
    In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges 
    that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains 
    apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of 
    the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits 
    in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.
    for examble:
    fruit_distribution("5 apples and 6 oranges", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8
    fruit_distribution("0 apples and 1 oranges",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2
    fruit_distribution("2 apples and 3 oranges", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95
    fruit_distribution("100 apples and 1 oranges",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19
    """

def fruit_distribution(s, n):
    """
    In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges 
    that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains 
    apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of 
    the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits 
    in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.
    for examble:
    fruit_distribution("5 apples and 6 oranges", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8
    fruit_distribution("0 apples and 1 oranges",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2
    fruit_distribution("2 apples and 3 oranges", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95
    fruit_distribution("100 apples and 1 oranges",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19
    """
    parts = s.split()
    apples = int(parts[0])
    oranges = int(parts[2])
    return n - apples - oranges

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpjte40dhq/solution.py", line 52, in <module>
    check(fruit_distribution)
  File "/tmp/tmpjte40dhq/solution.py", line 49, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpjte40dhq/solution.py", line 16, in fruit_distribution
    oranges = int(parts[2])
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'and'

def file_name_check(file_name):
    """Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns
    'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.
    A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions 
    are met:
    - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.
    - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'
    - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from 
    the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').
    - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']
    Examples:
    file_name_check("example.txt") # => 'Yes'
    file_name_check("1example.dll") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def file_name_check(file_name):
    """Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns
    'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.
    A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions 
    are met:
    - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.
    - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'
    - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from 
    the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').
    - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']
    Examples:
    file_name_check("example.txt") # => 'Yes'
    file_name_check("1example.dll") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)
    """

def file_name_check(file_name):
    """Create a function which takes a string representing a file's name, and returns
    'Yes' if the the file's name is valid, and returns 'No' otherwise.
    A file's name is considered to be valid if and only if all the following conditions 
    are met:
    - There should not be more than three digits ('0'-'9') in the file's name.
    - The file's name contains exactly one dot '.'
    - The substring before the dot should not be empty, and it starts with a letter from 
    the latin alphapet ('a'-'z' and 'A'-'Z').
    - The substring after the dot should be one of these: ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']
    Examples:
    file_name_check("example.txt") # => 'Yes'
    file_name_check("1example.dll") # => 'No' (the name should start with a latin alphapet letter)
    """
    # Check if there is exactly one dot
    if file_name.count('.') != 1:
        return 'No'
    
    # Split into name and extension
    parts = file_name.split('.')
    name_part = parts[0]
    ext_part = parts[1]
    
    # Check if name part is not empty
    if not name_part:
        return 'No'
    
    # Check if name part starts with a latin alphabet letter
    if not name_part[0].isalpha() or not name_part[0].isascii():
        return 'No'
    
    # Check if extension is one of the allowed ones
    if ext_part not in ['txt', 'exe', 'dll']:
        return 'No'
    
    # Check if there are not more than three digits in the file name
    digit_count = sum(1 for c in file_name if c.isdigit())
    if digit_count > 3:
        return 'No'
    
    return 'Yes'

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpygaf9mj_/solution.py", line 76, in <module>
    check(file_name_check)
  File "/tmp/tmpygaf9mj_/solution.py", line 73, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpygaf9mj_/solution.py", line 66, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''
    num = float(value)
    
    if num >= 0:
        return int(num + 0.5)
    else:
        return int(num - 0.5)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''

def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    if not txt:
        return False
    
    last_char = txt[-1]
    
    if not last_char.isalpha():
        return False
    
    # Check if the last character is part of a word
    # A character is part of a word if it is preceded by another non-space character
    # or if it is the first character of the string.
    # However, the condition "not a part of a word" implies it must be isolated.
    # Based on examples:
    # "apple pi e" -> 'e' is preceded by space, so it's a standalone word -> True
    # "apple pie" -> 'e' is preceded by 'i', so it's part of "pie" -> False
    # "apple pi e " -> last char is space -> False (handled by isalpha check)
    
    # We need to check the character immediately before the last one.
    # If the string has only one character, it is considered a word by itself?
    # Let's re-read: "is not a part of a word".
    # If txt = "a", is 'a' part of a word? Yes, it is a word.
    # But the example "apple pi e" returns True. The 'e' is a word of length 1.
    # Wait, the prompt says "is not a part of a word".
    # Usually, a single letter is a word.
    # Let's look at the logic again.
    # "apple pie" -> last char 'e'. Previous is 'i'. 'ie' is part of "pie". False.
    # "apple pi e" -> last char 'e'. Previous is ' '. 'e' is a separate word. True.
    # "apple pi e " -> last char ' '. False.
    
    # What if the string is just "a"?
    # If "a" is a word, then it is part of a word. So it should be False?
    # Or does "part of a word" mean "part of a word with length > 1"?
    # The phrasing "is not a part of a word" is slightly ambiguous.
    # However, looking at the examples:
    # "apple pi e" -> True. The 'e' is a word.
    # If the condition was "is a word", it would be True.
    # If the condition is "is not part of a word", maybe it means "is not attached to other letters"?
    # Let's assume "part of a word" means "connected to other letters".
    # So if the previous character is a letter, it's part of a word.
    # If the previous character is a space (or it's the start of the string), it's not "part" of a larger word.
    # But if it's the start of the string, is it a word? Yes.
    # Is a single letter "part of a word"? Technically yes, it is the whole word.
    # But in the context of these coding puzzles, "part of a word" usually implies "surrounded by letters".
    # Let's test the hypothesis: Return True if last char is alpha AND (len < 2 OR txt[-2] == ' ').
    
    if len(txt) == 1:
        # If the string is just one letter, is it "part of a word"?
        # If we follow the logic of "apple pi e", 'e' is a word.
        # If the requirement is "not a part of a word", maybe it means "not attached to a previous letter".
        # Let's assume the intended logic is: The last character must be an alpha, and it must be preceded by a space (or be the first char).
        # Wait, if txt = "a", is it True or False?
        # If I assume "part of a word" means "connected to other letters", then "a" is not connected to others.
        # But "a" IS a word.
        # Let's look at the example "apple pi e". The 'e' is a word. The function returns True.
        # So if it IS a word, it returns True?
        # But the text says "is not a part of a word".
        # This phrasing is tricky. "Part of a word" might mean "part of a multi-character word".
        # Or it might mean "part of the preceding word".
        # Given "apple pie" -> False. 'e' is part of "pie".
        # Given "apple pi e" -> True. 'e' is NOT part of "pi". It is its own word.
        # So the condition is: The last character must be an alpha, and it must NOT be immediately preceded by an alpha.
        # This covers "apple pie" (preceded by 'i') -> False.
        # This covers "apple pi e" (preceded by ' ') -> True.
        # This covers "a" (no preceding char) -> True?
        # Let's assume the logic is: last char is alpha AND (len == 1 OR txt[-2] == ' ').
        
        return True
    
    if txt[-2] == ' ':
        return True
    
    return False

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def get_odd_collatz(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.

    The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined
    as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the 
    previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of 
    the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous
    term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.

    Note: 
        1. Collatz(1) is [1].
        2. returned list sorted in increasing order.

    For example:
    get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def get_odd_collatz(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.

    The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined
    as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the 
    previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of 
    the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous
    term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.

    Note: 
        1. Collatz(1) is [1].
        2. returned list sorted in increasing order.

    For example:
    get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.
    """

def get_odd_collatz(n):
    """
    Given a positive integer n, return a sorted list that has the odd numbers in collatz sequence.

    The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics that concerns a sequence defined
    as follows: start with any positive integer n. Then each term is obtained from the 
    previous term as follows: if the previous term is even, the next term is one half of 
    the previous term. If the previous term is odd, the next term is 3 times the previous
    term plus 1. The conjecture is that no matter what value of n, the sequence will always reach 1.

    Note: 
        1. Collatz(1) is [1].
        2. returned list sorted in increasing order.

    For example:
    get_odd_collatz(5) returns [1, 5] # The collatz sequence for 5 is [5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1], so the odd numbers are only 1, and 5.
    """
    odd_numbers = set()
    current = n
    
    while current != 1:
        if current % 2 != 0:
            odd_numbers.add(current)
        if current % 2 == 0:
            current = current // 2
        else:
            current = 3 * current + 1
    
    # Add 1 as the sequence always ends at 1
    odd_numbers.add(1)
    
    return sorted(list(odd_numbers))

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def is_prime(n):
    """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
    >>> is_prime(6)
    False
    >>> is_prime(101)
    True
    >>> is_prime(11)
    True
    >>> is_prime(13441)
    True
    >>> is_prime(61)
    True
    >>> is_prime(4)
    False
    >>> is_prime(1)
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def is_prime(n):
    """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
    >>> is_prime(6)
    False
    >>> is_prime(101)
    True
    >>> is_prime(11)
    True
    >>> is_prime(13441)
    True
    >>> is_prime(61)
    True
    >>> is_prime(4)
    False
    >>> is_prime(1)
    False
    """

def is_prime(n):
    """Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
    >>> is_prime(6)
    False
    >>> is_prime(101)
    True
    >>> is_prime(11)
    True
    >>> is_prime(13441)
    True
    >>> is_prime(61)
    True
    >>> is_prime(4)
    False
    >>> is_prime(1)
    False
    """
    if n <= 1:
        return False
    if n <= 3:
        return True
    if n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0:
        return False
    i = 5
    while i * i <= n:
        if n % i == 0 or n % (i + 2) == 0:
            return False
        i += 6
    return True

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """
    seen = set()
    for num in l:
        if -num in seen:
            return True
        seen.add(num)
    return False

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """
    start = min(a, b)
    end = max(a, b)
    return [i for i in range(start, end + 1) if i % 2 == 0 and i < 10]

sandbox: passed=false returncode=-24 timed_out=false

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """
    # Remove trailing zeros to ensure the highest degree coefficient is non-zero
    while len(xs) > 1 and xs[-1] == 0:
        xs = xs[:-1]
    
    # If the polynomial is constant (degree 0), no solution exists unless it's 0, 
    # but the problem guarantees a solution for even number of coefficients.
    # We assume the input satisfies the condition.
    
    # Use Newton's method to find a root
    # Initial guess
    x = 0.0
    tolerance = 1e-10
    max_iterations = 1000
    
    for _ in range(max_iterations):
        y = poly(xs, x)
        if abs(y) < tolerance:
            return x
        
        # Calculate derivative coefficients
        # If xs = [a0, a1, a2, ...], derivative is [a1, 2*a2, 3*a3, ...]
        if len(xs) == 1:
            # Constant polynomial, no root (should not happen per problem statement)
            return None
            
        deriv_xs = [i * coeff for i, coeff in enumerate(xs[1:], 1)]
        dy = poly(deriv_xs, x)
        
        if dy == 0:
            # Avoid division by zero, perturb x slightly
            x += 0.001
            continue
            
        x_new = x - y / dy
        
        if abs(x_new - x) < tolerance:
            return x_new
        
        x = x_new
    
    return x

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpfiudpkpw/solution.py", line 84, in <module>
    check(find_zero)
  File "/tmp/tmpfiudpkpw/solution.py", line 81, in check
    assert _poly(*candidate(*inp), inp) <= 0.0001
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not float

def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_nested(string):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a string as input which contains only square brackets.
    The function should return True if and only if there is a valid subsequence of brackets 
    where at least one bracket in the subsequence is nested.

    is_nested('[[]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[]]]]]]][[[[[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[][]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[]') ➞ False
    is_nested('[[][]]') ➞ True
    is_nested('[[]][[') ➞ True
    '''

def is_nested(string):
    stack = []
    for char in string:
        if char == '[':
            stack.append(char)
        elif char == ']':
            if stack:
                stack.pop()
            else:
                return False
    return len(stack) == 0 and string.count('[]') < len(string) // 2

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmptg7uypsl/solution.py", line 46, in <module>
    check(is_nested)
  File "/tmp/tmptg7uypsl/solution.py", line 43, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmptg7uypsl/solution.py", line 36, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def words_string(s):
    """
    You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    to split the string into words and return an array of the words.
    
    For example:
    words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"]
    words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def words_string(s):
    """
    You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    to split the string into words and return an array of the words.
    
    For example:
    words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"]
    words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"]
    """

def words_string(s):
    """
    You will be given a string of words separated by commas or spaces. Your task is
    to split the string into words and return an array of the words.
    
    For example:
    words_string("Hi, my name is John") == ["Hi", "my", "name", "is", "John"]
    words_string("One, two, three, four, five, six") == ["One", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six"]
    """
    import re
    return re.split(r'[,\s]+', s.strip()) if s.strip() else []

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmph_rz10gz/solution.py", line 46, in <module>
    check(words_string)
  File "/tmp/tmph_rz10gz/solution.py", line 43, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmph_rz10gz/solution.py", line 36, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    if n == 1:
        return x == 1
    if n == 0:
        return x == 1
    if x < 1:
        return False
    while x % n == 0:
        x //= n
    return x == 1

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp19pm2k75/solution.py", line 45, in <module>
    check(is_simple_power)
  File "/tmp/tmp19pm2k75/solution.py", line 42, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp19pm2k75/solution.py", line 35, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def common(l1: list, l2: list):
    """Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.
    >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])
    [1, 5, 653]
    >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])
    [2, 3]

    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def common(l1: list, l2: list):
    """Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.
    >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])
    [1, 5, 653]
    >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])
    [2, 3]

    """

def common(l1: list, l2: list):
    """Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.
    >>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])
    [1, 5, 653]
    >>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])
    [2, 3]

    """
    return sorted(list(set(l1) & set(l2)))

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
    around the mean of this dataset.
    Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
    element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
    MAD = average | x - x_mean |
    >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
    1.0
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
    around the mean of this dataset.
    Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
    element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
    MAD = average | x - x_mean |
    >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
    1.0
    """

from typing import List


def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """ For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
    around the mean of this dataset.
    Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
    element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
    MAD = average | x - x_mean |
    >>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
    1.0
    """
    if not numbers:
        return 0.0
    
    mean = sum(numbers) / len(numbers)
    absolute_diffs = [abs(x - mean) for x in numbers]
    return sum(absolute_diffs) / len(numbers)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def count_up_to(n):
    """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
    integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
    for example:
    count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
    count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
    count_up_to(0) => []
    count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
    count_up_to(1) => []
    count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def count_up_to(n):
    """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
    integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
    for example:
    count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
    count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
    count_up_to(0) => []
    count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
    count_up_to(1) => []
    count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
    """

def count_up_to(n):
    """Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
    integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
    for example:
    count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
    count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
    count_up_to(0) => []
    count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
    count_up_to(1) => []
    count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
    """
    primes = []
    for num in range(2, n):
        is_prime = True
        for i in range(2, int(num**0.5) + 1):
            if num % i == 0:
                is_prime = False
                break
        if is_prime:
            primes.append(num)
    return primes

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def get_closest_vowel(word):
    """You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between 
    two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).
    
    Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't
    find any vowel met the above condition. 

    You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.

    Example:
    get_closest_vowel("yogurt") ==> "u"
    get_closest_vowel("FULL") ==> "U"
    get_closest_vowel("quick") ==> ""
    get_closest_vowel("ab") ==> ""
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def get_closest_vowel(word):
    """You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between 
    two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).
    
    Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't
    find any vowel met the above condition. 

    You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.

    Example:
    get_closest_vowel("yogurt") ==> "u"
    get_closest_vowel("FULL") ==> "U"
    get_closest_vowel("quick") ==> ""
    get_closest_vowel("ab") ==> ""
    """

def get_closest_vowel(word):
    """You are given a word. Your task is to find the closest vowel that stands between 
    two consonants from the right side of the word (case sensitive).
    
    Vowels in the beginning and ending doesn't count. Return empty string if you didn't
    find any vowel met the above condition. 

    You may assume that the given string contains English letter only.

    Example:
    get_closest_vowel("yogurt") ==> "u"
    get_closest_vowel("FULL") ==> "U"
    get_closest_vowel("quick") ==> ""
    get_closest_vowel("ab") ==> ""
    """
    vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
    # Iterate from the second to last character back to the second character
    for i in range(len(word) - 2, 0, -1):
        if word[i] in vowels:
            # Check if the character is surrounded by consonants
            if word[i-1] not in vowels and word[i+1] not in vowels:
                return word[i]
    return ""

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to
    separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.
    Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other
    Ignore any spaces in the input string.
    >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')
    ['()', '(())', '(()())']
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to
    separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.
    Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other
    Ignore any spaces in the input string.
    >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')
    ['()', '(())', '(()())']
    """

from typing import List


def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:
    """ Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to
    separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.
    Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other
    Ignore any spaces in the input string.
    >>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')
    ['()', '(())', '(()())']
    """
    result = []
    current_group = []
    depth = 0
    
    for char in paren_string:
        if char == ' ':
            continue
        
        current_group.append(char)
        if char == '(':
            depth += 1
        elif char == ')':
            depth -= 1
            
        if depth == 0 and current_group:
            result.append("".join(current_group))
            current_group = []
            
    return result

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """
    # Bisection method implementation
    # Since the degree is odd (even number of coefficients), 
    # the polynomial goes from -inf to +inf (or vice versa).
    
    # Find a range [a, b] where the function changes sign
    # Cauchy's bound for roots: |x| <= 1 + max(|a_i| / |a_n|)
    a_n = abs(xs[-1])
    max_coeff = max(abs(c) for c in xs[:-1])
    bound = 1 + (max_coeff / a_n)
    
    low = -bound
    high = bound
    
    # Ensure we have a sign change
    if poly(xs, low) * poly(xs, high) > 0:
        # This case shouldn't happen given the problem constraints
        return None

    # Binary search for the root
    for _ in range(100):
        mid = (low + high) / 2
        if poly(xs, mid) == 0:
            return mid
        if poly(xs, low) * poly(xs, mid) < 0:
            high = mid
        else:
            low = mid
            
    return (low + high) / 2

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp672qq_tu/solution.py", line 72, in <module>
    check(find_zero)
  File "/tmp/tmp672qq_tu/solution.py", line 69, in check
    assert _poly(*candidate(*inp), inp) <= 0.0001
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not float

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """
    def get_digit_sum(n):
        return sum(int(digit) for digit in str(abs(n)))

    # Python's sort is stable, so we only need to sort by the digit sum.
    # The original index order is preserved for elements with the same key.
    return sorted(nums, key=get_digit_sum)

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpqdxsa7m5/solution.py", line 52, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmpqdxsa7m5/solution.py", line 49, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpqdxsa7m5/solution.py", line 42, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """
    if x <= 0:
        return False
    if x == 1:
        return True
    if n <= 1:
        return x == n
    
    temp = n
    while temp <= x:
        if temp == x:
            return True
        temp *= n
    return False

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpv76scdy3/solution.py", line 60, in <module>
    check(is_simple_power)
  File "/tmp/tmpv76scdy3/solution.py", line 57, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpv76scdy3/solution.py", line 50, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """
    start = min(a, b)
    end = max(a, b)
    
    result = []
    for i in range(start, end + 1):
        if 0 <= i <= 9 and i % 2 == 0:
            result.append(i)
            
    return result

sandbox: passed=false returncode=-24 timed_out=false

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''

def closest_integer(value):
    '''
    Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
    and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
    from two integers, round it away from zero.

    Examples
    >>> closest_integer("10")
    10
    >>> closest_integer("15.3")
    15

    Note:
    Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
    from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
    farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
    return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
    '''
    import decimal
    
    # Use decimal module to avoid floating point precision issues
    # ROUND_HALF_UP rounds towards the nearest neighbor, 
    # and if equidistant, rounds away from zero for positive numbers.
    # For negative numbers, we handle the sign to ensure "away from zero".
    
    num = decimal.Decimal(value)
    if num >= 0:
        return int(num.quantize(decimal.Decimal('1'), rounding=decimal.ROUND_HALF_UP))
    else:
        # For negative numbers, ROUND_HALF_UP rounds towards zero (-14.5 -> -14).
        # To round away from zero (-14.5 -> -15), we use ROUND_HALF_DOWN.
        return int(num.quantize(decimal.Decimal('1'), rounding=decimal.ROUND_HALF_DOWN))

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpv0_joxpk/solution.py", line 67, in <module>
    check(closest_integer)
  File "/tmp/tmpv0_joxpk/solution.py", line 64, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpv0_joxpk/solution.py", line 57, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def split_words(txt):
    '''
    Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you
    should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the
    alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25
    Examples
    split_words("Hello world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("Hello,world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("abcdef") == 3 
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def split_words(txt):
    '''
    Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you
    should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the
    alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25
    Examples
    split_words("Hello world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("Hello,world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("abcdef") == 3 
    '''

def split_words(txt):
    '''
    Given a string of words, return a list of words split on whitespace, if no whitespaces exists in the text you
    should split on commas ',' if no commas exists you should return the number of lower-case letters with odd order in the
    alphabet, ord('a') = 0, ord('b') = 1, ... ord('z') = 25
    Examples
    split_words("Hello world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("Hello,world!") ➞ ["Hello", "world!"]
    split_words("abcdef") == 3 
    '''
    if any(c.isspace() for c in txt):
        return txt.split()
    elif ',' in txt:
        return txt.split(',')
    else:
        count = 0
        for char in txt:
            if 'a' <= char <= 'z':
                # ord('a') is 97. The problem defines ord('a') = 0.
                # So index = ord(char) - ord('a')
                # We want odd order: 1, 3, 5...
                if (ord(char) - ord('a')) % 2 != 0:
                    count += 1
        return count

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, 
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, 
    then replace all consecutive spaces with - 
    
    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, 
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, 
    then replace all consecutive spaces with - 
    
    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """

import re

def fix_spaces(text):
    """
    Given a string text, replace all spaces in it with underscores, 
    and if a string has more than 2 consecutive spaces, 
    then replace all consecutive spaces with - 
    
    fix_spaces("Example") == "Example"
    fix_spaces("Example 1") == "Example_1"
    fix_spaces(" Example 2") == "_Example_2"
    fix_spaces(" Example   3") == "_Example-3"
    """
    # First, handle the case of more than 2 consecutive spaces
    # We use a regex to find 3 or more spaces and replace them with '-'
    text = re.sub(r' {3,}', '-', text)
    
    # Then, replace all remaining single or double spaces with '_'
    # Note: The prompt implies that if it's not > 2 spaces, it becomes underscores.
    # Since we already converted > 2 spaces to '-', we only need to replace ' ' with '_'
    text = text.replace(' ', '_')
    
    return text

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def encrypt(s):
    """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. 
    The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters 
    shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    For example:
    encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
    encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
    encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
    encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def encrypt(s):
    """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. 
    The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters 
    shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    For example:
    encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
    encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
    encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
    encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
    """

def encrypt(s):
    """Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
    returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated. 
    The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters 
    shift down by two multiplied to two places.
    For example:
    encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
    encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
    encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
    encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
    """
    result = ""
    shift = 4  # "two multiplied to two places" = 2 * 2 = 4
    for char in s:
        if 'a' <= char <= 'z':
            # Calculate new position within 0-25 range and convert back to char
            new_char = chr((ord(char) - ord('a') + shift) % 26 + ord('a'))
            result += new_char
        elif 'A' <= char <= 'Z':
            new_char = chr((ord(char) - ord('A') + shift) % 26 + ord('A'))
            result += new_char
        else:
            result += char
    return result

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def is_happy(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.
    A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct
    For example:
    is_happy(a) => False
    is_happy(aa) => False
    is_happy(abcd) => True
    is_happy(aabb) => False
    is_happy(adb) => True
    is_happy(xyy) => False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_happy(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.
    A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct
    For example:
    is_happy(a) => False
    is_happy(aa) => False
    is_happy(abcd) => True
    is_happy(aabb) => False
    is_happy(adb) => True
    is_happy(xyy) => False
    """

def is_happy(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.
    A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct
    For example:
    is_happy(a) => False
    is_happy(aa) => False
    is_happy(abcd) => True
    is_happy(aabb) => False
    is_happy(adb) => True
    is_happy(xyy) => False
    """
    if len(s) < 3:
        return False
    
    for i in range(len(s) - 2):
        # Check if the three consecutive characters are distinct
        # by comparing the size of the set of those three characters to 3
        if len(set(s[i:i+3])) < 3:
            return False
            
    return True

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def below_threshold(l: list, t: int):
    """Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.
    >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)
    True
    >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def below_threshold(l: list, t: int):
    """Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.
    >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)
    True
    >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)
    False
    """

def below_threshold(l: list, t: int):
    """Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.
    >>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)
    True
    >>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)
    False
    """
    return all(x < t for x in l)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """

def anti_shuffle(s):
    """
    Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
    Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
    are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
    ascending order based on ascii value.
    Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.

    For example:
    anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
    anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
    anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
    """
    import re
    
    # Use regex to split the string into words and non-word sequences (spaces/punctuation)
    # However, the prompt implies "words" are separated by spaces.
    # Let's split by spaces but keep the spaces in the result.
    
    parts = re.split(r'(\s+)', s)
    result = []
    
    for part in parts:
        if not part:
            continue
        # If the part is just whitespace, keep it as is
        if part.isspace():
            result.append(part)
        else:
            # Sort the characters of the word by ASCII value
            sorted_word = "".join(sorted(part))
            result.append(sorted_word)
            
    return "".join(result)

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpayv4e3h1/solution.py", line 69, in <module>
    check(anti_shuffle)
  File "/tmp/tmpayv4e3h1/solution.py", line 66, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpayv4e3h1/solution.py", line 59, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """
    def get_digit_sum(n):
        return sum(int(digit) for digit in str(abs(n)))

    # Python's sort is stable, so we only need to sort by the digit sum.
    # The original index order will be preserved for ties.
    return sorted(nums, key=get_digit_sum)

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpas23jhze/solution.py", line 52, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmpas23jhze/solution.py", line 49, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpas23jhze/solution.py", line 42, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """
    if n == 1:
        return x == 1
    if n == 0:
        return x == 0 or x == 1 # 0^0 is often 1, 0^k is 0
    
    # Handle x = 1 (n^0 = 1 for any n != 0)
    if x == 1:
        return True
    
    # If x is less than 1 and n > 1, it can't be a simple power of n (integer exponent)
    if x < 1:
        return False

    current = n
    while current <= x:
        if current == x:
            return True
        current *= n
        
    return False

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmppbwz048t/solution.py", line 67, in <module>
    check(is_simple_power)
  File "/tmp/tmppbwz048t/solution.py", line 64, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmppbwz048t/solution.py", line 57, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """
    start = min(a, b)
    end = max(a, b)
    
    result = []
    for i in range(start, end + 1):
        # Check if the number is a single digit and even
        if 0 <= i <= 9 and i % 2 == 0:
            result.append(i)
            
    return sorted(list(set(result)))

sandbox: passed=false returncode=-24 timed_out=false

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """

import math


def poly(xs: list, x: float):
    """
    Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
    return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
    """
    return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])


def find_zero(xs: list):
    """ xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
    find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
    find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
    Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
    and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
    a solution.
    >>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
    -0.5
    >>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
    1.0
    """
    # Newton's method to find a root
    # We need the derivative of the polynomial
    def poly_deriv(coeffs):
        return [i * coeffs[i] for i in range(1, len(coeffs))]

    deriv_xs = poly_deriv(xs)
    
    # Initial guess: 0.0 or 1.0
    x = 0.0
    
    # If derivative is zero at guess, try another
    if len(deriv_xs) > 0 and poly(deriv_xs, x) == 0:
        x = 1.0

    for _ in range(1000):
        f_x = poly(xs, x)
        f_prime_x = poly(deriv_xs, x) if deriv_xs else 0
        
        if abs(f_prime_x) < 1e-12:
            # If derivative is too small, nudge x to avoid division by zero
            x += 0.1
            continue
            
        delta = f_x / f_prime_x
        x = x - delta
        
        if abs(delta) < 1e-12:
            break
            
    return x

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpy0ey5_u2/solution.py", line 73, in <module>
    check(find_zero)
  File "/tmp/tmpy0ey5_u2/solution.py", line 70, in check
    assert _poly(*candidate(*inp), inp) <= 0.0001
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: Value after * must be an iterable, not float

def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:
    """ Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.
    >>> string_sequence(0)
    '0'
    >>> string_sequence(5)
    '0 1 2 3 4 5'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:
    """ Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.
    >>> string_sequence(0)
    '0'
    >>> string_sequence(5)
    '0 1 2 3 4 5'
    """

def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:
    """ Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.
    >>> string_sequence(0)
    '0'
    >>> string_sequence(5)
    '0 1 2 3 4 5'
    """
    return ' '.join(str(i) for i in range(n + 1))

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def incr_list(l: list):
    """Return list with elements incremented by 1.
    >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])
    [2, 3, 4]
    >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def incr_list(l: list):
    """Return list with elements incremented by 1.
    >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])
    [2, 3, 4]
    >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]
    """

def incr_list(l: list):
    """Return list with elements incremented by 1.
    >>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])
    [2, 3, 4]
    >>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
    [6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]
    """
    return [x + 1 for x in l]

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def is_sorted(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted
    in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same
    number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.

    Examples
    is_sorted([5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_sorted(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted
    in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same
    number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.

    Examples
    is_sorted([5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False
    '''

def is_sorted(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return whether or not they are sorted
    in ascending order. If list has more than 1 duplicate of the same
    number, return False. Assume no negative numbers and only integers.

    Examples
    is_sorted([5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]) ➞ False
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]) ➞ True
    is_sorted([1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]) ➞ False
    '''
    if len(lst) <= 1:
        return True
    
    # Check for duplicates appearing more than twice
    from collections import Counter
    counts = Counter(lst)
    for count in counts.values():
        if count > 2:
            return False
    
    # Check if sorted in ascending order
    for i in range(len(lst) - 1):
        if lst[i] > lst[i + 1]:
            return False
    
    return True

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """

def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
    """ brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
    return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

    >>> correct_bracketing("(")
    False
    >>> correct_bracketing("()")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
    True
    >>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
    False
    """
    balance = 0
    for char in brackets:
        if char == '(':
            balance += 1
        elif char == ')':
            balance -= 1
            if balance < 0:
                return False
    return balance == 0

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def solve(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    if s[i] is a letter, reverse its case from lower to upper or vise versa, 
    otherwise keep it as it is.
    If the string contains no letters, reverse the string.
    The function should return the resulted string.
    Examples
    solve("1234") = "4321"
    solve("ab") = "AB"
    solve("#a@C") = "#A@c"
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def solve(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    if s[i] is a letter, reverse its case from lower to upper or vise versa, 
    otherwise keep it as it is.
    If the string contains no letters, reverse the string.
    The function should return the resulted string.
    Examples
    solve("1234") = "4321"
    solve("ab") = "AB"
    solve("#a@C") = "#A@c"
    """

def solve(s):
    """You are given a string s.
    if s[i] is a letter, reverse its case from lower to upper or vise versa, 
    otherwise keep it as it is.
    If the string contains no letters, reverse the string.
    The function should return the resulted string.
    Examples
    solve("1234") = "4321"
    solve("ab") = "AB"
    solve("#a@C") = "#A@c"
    """
    has_letter = any(c.isalpha() for c in s)
    
    if not has_letter:
        return s[::-1]
    
    result = []
    for c in s:
        if c.isalpha():
            result.append(c.swapcase())
        else:
            result.append(c)
    
    return "".join(result)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def encode(message):
    """
    Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a 
    way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in 
    the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that 
    vowel in the english alphabet. 
    Assume only letters. 
    
    Examples:
    >>> encode('test')
    'TGST'
    >>> encode('This is a message')
    'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def encode(message):
    """
    Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a 
    way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in 
    the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that 
    vowel in the english alphabet. 
    Assume only letters. 
    
    Examples:
    >>> encode('test')
    'TGST'
    >>> encode('This is a message')
    'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'
    """

def encode(message):
    """
    Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a 
    way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in 
    the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that 
    vowel in the english alphabet. 
    Assume only letters. 
    
    Examples:
    >>> encode('test')
    'TGST'
    >>> encode('This is a message')
    'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'
    """
    vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
    vowel_map = {
        'a': 'c', 'e': 'g', 'i': 'k', 'o': 'q', 'u': 'w',
        'A': 'C', 'E': 'G', 'I': 'K', 'O': 'Q', 'U': 'W'
    }
    
    result = []
    for char in message:
        if char in vowels:
            # Replace vowel with the one 2 places ahead
            result.append(vowel_map[char])
        else:
            # Swap case
            if char.islower():
                result.append(char.upper())
            elif char.isupper():
                result.append(char.lower())
            else:
                # Keep non-alphabetic characters as is (though problem says assume only letters)
                result.append(char)
    
    return "".join(result)

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpxvkvpaqa/solution.py", line 71, in <module>
    check(encode)
  File "/tmp/tmpxvkvpaqa/solution.py", line 68, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpxvkvpaqa/solution.py", line 61, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def intersection(interval1, interval2):
    """You are given two intervals,
    where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).
    The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)
    includes both start and end.
    For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.
    Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two 
    intervals is a prime number.
    Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)
    which its length is 1, which not a prime number.
    If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return "YES",
    otherwise, return "NO".
    If the two intervals don't intersect, return "NO".


    [input/output] samples:
    intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> "YES"
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def intersection(interval1, interval2):
    """You are given two intervals,
    where each interval is a pair of integers. For example, interval = (start, end) = (1, 2).
    The given intervals are closed which means that the interval (start, end)
    includes both start and end.
    For each given interval, it is assumed that its start is less or equal its end.
    Your task is to determine whether the length of intersection of these two 
    intervals is a prime number.
    Example, the intersection of the intervals (1, 3), (2, 4) is (2, 3)
    which its length is 1, which not a prime number.
    If the length of the intersection is a prime number, return "YES",
    otherwise, return "NO".
    If the two intervals don't intersect, return "NO".


    [input/output] samples:
    intersection((1, 2), (2, 3)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-1, 1), (0, 4)) ==> "NO"
    intersection((-3, -1), (-5, 5)) ==> "YES"
    """

def intersection(interval1, interval2):
    start1, end1 = interval1
    start2, end2 = interval2
    
    # Calculate the intersection boundaries
    inter_start = max(start1, start2)
    inter_end = min(end1, end2)
    
    # Check if there is no intersection
    if inter_start > inter_end:
        return "NO"
    
    # Calculate the length of the intersection
    # Since intervals are closed, length = end - start + 1
    length = inter_end - inter_start + 1
    
    # Check if length is a prime number
    if length < 2:
        return "NO"
    
    for i in range(2, int(length ** 0.5) + 1):
        if length % i == 0:
            return "NO"
    
    return "YES"

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpj1u6gd9q/solution.py", line 60, in <module>
    check(intersection)
  File "/tmp/tmpj1u6gd9q/solution.py", line 57, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpj1u6gd9q/solution.py", line 50, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''

def double_the_difference(lst):
    '''
    Given a list of numbers, return the sum of squares of the numbers
    in the list that are odd. Ignore numbers that are negative or not integers.
    
    double_the_difference([1, 3, 2, 0]) == 1 + 9 + 0 + 0 = 10
    double_the_difference([-1, -2, 0]) == 0
    double_the_difference([9, -2]) == 81
    double_the_difference([0]) == 0  
   
    If the input list is empty, return 0.
    '''
    total = 0
    for num in lst:
        # Check if the number is an integer (excluding booleans) and non-negative
        if isinstance(num, int) and not isinstance(num, bool) and num >= 0:
            # Check if the number is odd
            if num % 2 == 1:
                total += num ** 2
    return total

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp_ezoz6iy/solution.py", line 55, in <module>
    check(double_the_difference)
  File "/tmp/tmp_ezoz6iy/solution.py", line 52, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp_ezoz6iy/solution.py", line 45, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, 
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def minPath(grid, k):
    """
    Given a grid with N rows and N columns (N >= 2) and a positive integer k, 
    each cell of the grid contains a value. Every integer in the range [1, N * N]
    inclusive appears exactly once on the cells of the grid.

    You have to find the minimum path of length k in the grid. You can start
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
    in other words, you can go to cells which share an edge with you current
    cell.
    Please note that a path of length k means visiting exactly k cells (not
    necessarily distinct).
    You CANNOT go off the grid.
    A path A (of length k) is considered less than a path B (of length k) if
    after making the ordered lists of the values on the cells that A and B go
    through (let's call them lst_A and lst_B), lst_A is lexicographically less
    than lst_B, in other words, there exist an integer index i (1 <= i <= k)
    such that lst_A[i] < lst_B[i] and for any j (1 <= j < i) we have
    lst_A[j] = lst_B[j].
    It is guaranteed that the answer is unique.
    Return an ordered list of the values on the cells that the minimum path go through.

    Examples:

        Input: grid = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]], k = 3
        Output: [1, 2, 1]

        Input: grid = [ [5,9,3], [4,1,6], [7,8,2]], k = 1
        Output: [1]
    """

def minPath(grid, k):
    from collections import deque
    
    n = len(grid)
    if k == 0:
        return []
    
    # Find the minimum value in the grid to start
    min_val = float('inf')
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
            if grid[i][j] < min_val:
                min_val = grid[i][j]
    
    # Collect all starting positions with the minimum value
    starts = []
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
            if grid[i][j] == min_val:
                starts.append((i, j))
    
    # If k is 1, just return the minimum value
    if k == 1:
        return [min_val]
    
    # BFS to find the lexicographically smallest path of length k
    # We maintain a set of current positions for each step
    # Since we want lexicographical order, at each step we only keep positions
    # that can lead to the smallest next value
    
    current_positions = set(starts)
    path = [min_val]
    
    for step in range(1, k):
        next_positions = set()
        min_next_val = float('inf')
        
        # First pass: find the minimum value reachable from current positions
        for r, c in current_positions:
            for dr, dc in [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)]:
                nr, nc = r + dr, c + dc
                if 0 <= nr < n and 0 <= nc < n:
                    val = grid[nr][nc]
                    if val < min_next_val:
                        min_next_val = val
        
        # Second pass: collect all positions that have this minimum value
        for r, c in current_positions:
            for dr, dc in [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)]:
                nr, nc = r + dr, c + dc
                if 0 <= nr < n and 0 <= nc < n:
                    if grid[nr][nc] == min_next_val:
                        next_positions.add((nr, nc))
        
        path.append(min_next_val)
        current_positions = next_positions
    
    return path

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
File "/tmp/tmpbsujepss/solution.py", line 1
    from any cell, and in each step you can move to any of the neighbor cells,
             ^^^^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

def count_nums(arr):
    """
    Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns
    the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.
    If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:
    e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.
    >>> count_nums([]) == 0
    >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1
    >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def count_nums(arr):
    """
    Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns
    the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.
    If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:
    e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.
    >>> count_nums([]) == 0
    >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1
    >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3
    """

def count_nums(arr):
    """
    Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns
    the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.
    If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:
    e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.
    >>> count_nums([]) == 0
    >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1
    >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3
    """
    def signed_digit_sum(n):
        if n == 0:
            return 0
        s = str(n)
        total = 0
        for i, char in enumerate(s):
            digit = int(char)
            if i == 0 and char == '-':
                continue
            if i == 0 and n < 0:
                total -= digit
            else:
                total += digit
        return total

    count = 0
    for num in arr:
        if signed_digit_sum(num) > 0:
            count += 1
    return count

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp_13dfmb6/solution.py", line 65, in <module>
    check(count_nums)
  File "/tmp/tmp_13dfmb6/solution.py", line 62, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmp_13dfmb6/solution.py", line 28, in count_nums
    if signed_digit_sum(num) > 0:
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmp_13dfmb6/solution.py", line 17, in signed_digit_sum
    digit = int(char)
            ^^^^^^^^^
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '-'

def fib(n: int):
    """Return n-th Fibonacci number.
    >>> fib(10)
    55
    >>> fib(1)
    1
    >>> fib(8)
    21
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def fib(n: int):
    """Return n-th Fibonacci number.
    >>> fib(10)
    55
    >>> fib(1)
    1
    >>> fib(8)
    21
    """

def fib(n: int):
    """Return n-th Fibonacci number.
    >>> fib(10)
    55
    >>> fib(1)
    1
    >>> fib(8)
    21
    """
    a, b = 0, 1
    for _ in range(n):
        a, b = b, a + b
    return a

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """
    seen = set()
    for num in l:
        if -num in seen:
            return True
        seen.add(num)
    return False

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
    """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
    >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
    29
    >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
    2
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
    """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
    >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
    29
    >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
    2
    """

def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
    """Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
    >>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
    29
    >>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
    2
    """
    largest = -1
    
    while n % 2 == 0:
        largest = 2
        n //= 2
        
    i = 3
    while i * i <= n:
        while n % i == 0:
            largest = i
            n //= i
        i += 2
        
    if n > 1:
        largest = n
        
    return largest

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

FIX = """
Add more test cases.
"""

def vowels_count(s):
    """Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing
    a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.
    Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a
    vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.

    Example:
    >>> vowels_count("abcde")
    2
    >>> vowels_count("ACEDY")
    3
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


FIX = """
Add more test cases.
"""

def vowels_count(s):
    """Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing
    a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.
    Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a
    vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.

    Example:
    >>> vowels_count("abcde")
    2
    >>> vowels_count("ACEDY")
    3
    """

def vowels_count(s):
    count = 0
    for i, c in enumerate(s):
        lower_c = c.lower()
        if lower_c in 'aeiou':
            count += 1
        elif lower_c == 'y' and i == len(s) - 1:
            count += 1
    return count

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def hex_key(num):
    """You have been tasked to write a function that receives 
    a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal 
    digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number 
    greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).
    Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
    Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...
    So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, 
    B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).
    Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, 
    and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.
    Examples:
    For num = "AB" the output should be 1.
    For num = "1077E" the output should be 2.
    For num = "ABED1A33" the output should be 4.
    For num = "123456789ABCDEF0" the output should be 6.
    For num = "2020" the output should be 2.
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def hex_key(num):
    """You have been tasked to write a function that receives 
    a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal 
    digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number 
    greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).
    Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
    Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...
    So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, 
    B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).
    Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, 
    and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.
    Examples:
    For num = "AB" the output should be 1.
    For num = "1077E" the output should be 2.
    For num = "ABED1A33" the output should be 4.
    For num = "123456789ABCDEF0" the output should be 6.
    For num = "2020" the output should be 2.
    """

def hex_key(num):
    """You have been tasked to write a function that receives 
    a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal 
    digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number 
    greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).
    Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
    Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...
    So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7, 
    B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).
    Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string, 
    and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.
    Examples:
    For num = "AB" the output should be 1.
    For num = "1077E" the output should be 2.
    For num = "ABED1A33" the output should be 4.
    For num = "123456789ABCDEF0" the output should be 6.
    For num = "2020" the output should be 2.
    """
    prime_digits = {'2', '3', '5', '7', 'B', 'D'}
    count = 0
    for char in num:
        if char in prime_digits:
            count += 1
    return count

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def tri(n):
    """Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in 
    the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.
    Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:
    tri(1) = 3
    tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.
    tri(n) =  tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.
    For example:
    tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2
    tri(4) = 3
    tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)
           = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 
    You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the 
    first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.
    Examples:
    tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def tri(n):
    """Everyone knows Fibonacci sequence, it was studied deeply by mathematicians in 
    the last couple centuries. However, what people don't know is Tribonacci sequence.
    Tribonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence:
    tri(1) = 3
    tri(n) = 1 + n / 2, if n is even.
    tri(n) =  tri(n - 1) + tri(n - 2) + tri(n + 1), if n is odd.
    For example:
    tri(2) = 1 + (2 / 2) = 2
    tri(4) = 3
    tri(3) = tri(2) + tri(1) + tri(4)
           = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 
    You are given a non-negative integer number n, you have to a return a list of the 
    first n + 1 numbers of the Tribonacci sequence.
    Examples:
    tri(3) = [1, 3, 2, 8]
    """

generation failed: Post "http://localhost:1234/v1/chat/completions": context deadline exceeded

from typing import List


def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:
    """ Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.
    Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.
    Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest
    >>> sort_numbers('three one five')
    'one three five'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:
    """ Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.
    Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.
    Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest
    >>> sort_numbers('three one five')
    'one three five'
    """

from typing import List


def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:
    """ Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.
    Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.
    Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest
    >>> sort_numbers('three one five')
    'one three five'
    """
    word_to_num = {
        'zero': 0, 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4,
        'five': 5, 'six': 6, 'seven': 7, 'eight': 8, 'nine': 9
    }
    return ' '.join(sorted(numbers.split(), key=word_to_num))

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpml0ra35j/solution.py", line 50, in <module>
    check(sort_numbers)
  File "/tmp/tmpml0ra35j/solution.py", line 47, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpml0ra35j/solution.py", line 15, in sort_numbers
    return ' '.join(sorted(numbers.split(), key=word_to_num))
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: 'dict' object is not callable

def flip_case(string: str) -> str:
    """ For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.
    >>> flip_case('Hello')
    'hELLO'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def flip_case(string: str) -> str:
    """ For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.
    >>> flip_case('Hello')
    'hELLO'
    """

generation failed: Post "http://localhost:1234/v1/chat/completions": context deadline exceeded

from typing import List


def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:
    """ Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.
    Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.
    >>> string_xor('010', '110')
    '100'
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:
    """ Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.
    Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.
    >>> string_xor('010', '110')
    '100'
    """

generation failed: Post "http://localhost:1234/v1/chat/completions": context deadline exceeded

def odd_count(lst):
    """Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.
    Each element i of the output should be "the number of odd elements in the
    string i of the input." where all the i's should be replaced by the number
    of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.

    >>> odd_count(['1234567'])
    ["the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput."]
    >>> odd_count(['3',"11111111"])
    ["the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.",
     "the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput."]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def odd_count(lst):
    """Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.
    Each element i of the output should be "the number of odd elements in the
    string i of the input." where all the i's should be replaced by the number
    of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.

    >>> odd_count(['1234567'])
    ["the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput."]
    >>> odd_count(['3',"11111111"])
    ["the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.",
     "the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput."]
    """

def odd_count(lst):
    """Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.
    Each element i of the output should be "the number of odd elements in the
    string i of the input." where all the i's should be replaced by the number
    of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.

    >>> odd_count(['1234567'])
    ["the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput."]
    >>> odd_count(['3',"11111111"])
    ["the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.",
     "the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput."]
    """
    template = "the number of odd elements i n the string i of the input."
    return [template.replace('i', str(sum(1 for c in s if int(c) % 2 == 1))) for s in lst]

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpi3_du0fi/solution.py", line 49, in <module>
    check(odd_count)
  File "/tmp/tmpi3_du0fi/solution.py", line 46, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpi3_du0fi/solution.py", line 39, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """

def even_odd_count(num):
    """Given an integer. return a tuple that has the number of even and odd digits respectively.

     Example:
        even_odd_count(-12) ==> (1, 1)
        even_odd_count(123) ==> (1, 2)
    """
    # Convert the number to its absolute value to handle negative numbers
    num_str = str(abs(num))
    
    even_count = 0
    odd_count = 0
    
    for digit in num_str:
        if int(digit) % 2 == 0:
            even_count += 1
        else:
            odd_count += 1
    
    return (even_count, odd_count)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def sort_third(l: list):
    """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
    l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal
    to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.
    >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])
    [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def sort_third(l: list):
    """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
    l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal
    to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.
    >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])
    [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]
    """

def sort_third(l: list):
    """This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
    l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal
    to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.
    >>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])
    [1, 2, 3]
    >>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])
    [2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]
    """
    # Extract elements at indices divisible by 3
    indices_divisible_by_3 = [i for i in range(len(l)) if i % 3 == 0]
    values_at_those_indices = [l[i] for i in indices_divisible_by_3]
    
    # Sort those values
    sorted_values = sorted(values_at_those_indices)
    
    # Create a copy of the original list
    result = l.copy()
    
    # Place the sorted values back into their respective indices
    for idx, val in zip(indices_divisible_by_3, sorted_values):
        result[idx] = val
        
    return result

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):
    """
    triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.

    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):
    """
    triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.

    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

def triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):
    """
    triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.

    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])
    True
    >>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """
    n = len(l)
    if n < 3:
        return False
    
    # Sort the list to use two-pointer technique
    l.sort()
    
    for i in range(n - 2):
        # Skip duplicate elements for the first element
        if i > 0 and l[i] == l[i - 1]:
            continue
        
        left = i + 1
        right = n - 1
        
        while left < right:
            current_sum = l[i] + l[left] + l[right]
            
            if current_sum == 0:
                return True
            elif current_sum < 0:
                left += 1
            else:
                right -= 1
    
    return False

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def unique_digits(x):
    """Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all 
    elements that hasn't any even digit.

    Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.
    
    For example:
    >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])
    [1, 15, 33]
    >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])
    []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def unique_digits(x):
    """Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all 
    elements that hasn't any even digit.

    Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.
    
    For example:
    >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])
    [1, 15, 33]
    >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])
    []
    """

def unique_digits(x):
    """Given a list of positive integers x. return a sorted list of all 
    elements that hasn't any even digit.

    Note: Returned list should be sorted in increasing order.
    
    For example:
    >>> unique_digits([15, 33, 1422, 1])
    [1, 15, 33]
    >>> unique_digits([152, 323, 1422, 10])
    []
    """
    def has_no_even_digits(n):
        for digit in str(n):
            if int(digit) % 2 == 0:
                return False
        return True
    
    result = [num for num in x if has_no_even_digits(num)]
    return sorted(result)

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def count_nums(arr):
    """
    Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns
    the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.
    If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:
    e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.
    >>> count_nums([]) == 0
    >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1
    >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def count_nums(arr):
    """
    Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns
    the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.
    If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:
    e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.
    >>> count_nums([]) == 0
    >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1
    >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3
    """

def count_nums(arr):
    """
    Write a function count_nums which takes an array of integers and returns
    the number of elements which has a sum of digits > 0.
    If a number is negative, then its first signed digit will be negative:
    e.g. -123 has signed digits -1, 2, and 3.
    >>> count_nums([]) == 0
    >>> count_nums([-1, 11, -11]) == 1
    >>> count_nums([1, 1, 2]) == 3
    """
    def signed_digit_sum(n):
        if n == 0:
            return 0
        s = str(n)
        if s[0] == '-':
            # Negative number: first digit is negative
            digits = [-int(s[1])] + [int(d) for d in s[2:]]
        else:
            digits = [int(d) for d in s]
        return sum(digits)
    
    count = 0
    for num in arr:
        if signed_digit_sum(num) > 0:
            count += 1
    return count

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """

def generate_integers(a, b):
    """
    Given two positive integers a and b, return the even digits between a
    and b, in ascending order.

    For example:
    generate_integers(2, 8) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(8, 2) => [2, 4, 6, 8]
    generate_integers(10, 14) => []
    """
    start = min(a, b)
    end = max(a, b)
    
    # Collect all even digits that appear in any number from start to end
    even_digits = set()
    for num in range(start, end + 1):
        for digit_char in str(num):
            digit = int(digit_char)
            if digit % 2 == 0:
                even_digits.add(digit)
    
    return sorted(list(even_digits))

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp5ozklcr3/solution.py", line 57, in <module>
    check(generate_integers)
  File "/tmp/tmp5ozklcr3/solution.py", line 54, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp5ozklcr3/solution.py", line 47, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """
    # Handle edge cases
    if n == 1:
        return x == 1
    if x == 1:
        return True
    if x <= 0 or n <= 0:
        return False
    
    # Check if x is a power of n
    while x % n == 0:
        x = x // n
    return x == 1

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp9roxrs0_/solution.py", line 59, in <module>
    check(is_simple_power)
  File "/tmp/tmp9roxrs0_/solution.py", line 56, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp9roxrs0_/solution.py", line 49, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """

def sort_array(arr):
    """
    In this Kata, you have to sort an array of non-negative integers according to
    number of ones in their binary representation in ascending order.
    For similar number of ones, sort based on decimal value.

    It must be implemented like this:
    >>> sort_array([1, 5, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    >>> sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
    >>> sort_array([1, 0, 2, 3, 4]) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
    """
    def count_ones(n):
        # For negative numbers, we need to handle them properly.
        # The problem says non-negative integers in the description, but the example has negatives.
        # For negative numbers in Python, bin() returns '-0b...', so we need to handle that.
        # However, looking at the example: sort_array([-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]) == [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2]
        # Let's check the binary representation of negative numbers.
        # In Python, -2 is represented as ...11111110 in two's complement, but bin(-2) gives '-0b10'
        # The kata likely wants us to count the number of 1s in the binary representation.
        # For negative numbers, we should consider the two's complement representation.
        # But since the problem says "non-negative integers", the negative example might be a trick or error.
        # Let's assume we need to handle negative numbers by using their absolute value or two's complement.
        # Actually, let's re-read: "sort an array of non-negative integers" but the example has negatives.
        # Let's count the number of 1s in the binary string representation.
        # For negative numbers, bin(-2) = '-0b10', which has one '1'. bin(-3) = '-0b11', which has two '1's.
        # bin(-4) = '-0b100', one '1'. bin(-5) = '-0b101', two '1's. bin(-6) = '-0b110', two '1's.
        # So for [-2, -3, -4, -5, -6]:
        # -2: 1 one, -3: 2 ones, -4: 1 one, -5: 2 ones, -6: 2 ones
        # Sorting by number of ones: -2 (1), -4 (1), -3 (2), -5 (2), -6 (2)
        # Then by decimal value: -4 < -2, so -4, -2; -6 < -5 < -3, so -6, -5, -3
        # Result: [-4, -2, -6, -5, -3]
        # But the expected output is [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2], which is just sorted by decimal value.
        # This suggests that for negative numbers, the number of ones might be counted differently.
        # Let's try counting 1s in the two's complement representation (32-bit or 64-bit).
        # For a 32-bit integer, -2 is 0xFFFFFFFE, which has 31 ones.
        # -3 is 0xFFFFFFFD, which has 30 ones.
        # -4 is 0xFFFFFFFC, which has 29 ones.
        # -5 is 0xFFFFFFFB, which has 28 ones.
        # -6 is 0xFFFFFFFA, which has 27 ones.
        # Sorting by number of ones: -6 (27), -5 (28), -4 (29), -3 (30), -2 (31)
        # Result: [-6, -5, -4, -3, -2], which matches the expected output!
        # So we need to count the number of 1s in the two's complement representation.
        # We can use a fixed bit width, say 32 bits.
        if n >= 0:
            return bin(n).count('1')
        else:
            # For negative numbers, convert to 32-bit two's complement
            return bin(n & 0xFFFFFFFF).count('1')
    
    return sorted(arr, key=lambda x: (count_ones(x), x))

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpgxjf0wp1/solution.py", line 85, in <module>
    check(sort_array)
  File "/tmp/tmpgxjf0wp1/solution.py", line 82, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpgxjf0wp1/solution.py", line 75, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """
    def digit_sum(n):
        # Sum of digits of absolute value
        return sum(int(d) for d in str(abs(n)))
    
    # Enumerate to keep track of original indices
    indexed_nums = list(enumerate(nums))
    
    # Sort by digit sum, then by original index
    sorted_indexed = sorted(indexed_nums, key=lambda x: (digit_sum(x[1]), x[0]))
    
    # Extract the sorted numbers
    return [num for _, num in sorted_indexed]

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpwihpfstr/solution.py", line 58, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmpwihpfstr/solution.py", line 55, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpwihpfstr/solution.py", line 48, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def is_bored(S):
    """
    You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
    of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
    Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.
   
    For example:
    >>> is_bored("Hello world")
    0
    >>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
    1
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_bored(S):
    """
    You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
    of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
    Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.
   
    For example:
    >>> is_bored("Hello world")
    0
    >>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
    1
    """

def is_bored(S):
    """
    You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
    of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
    Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.
   
    For example:
    >>> is_bored("Hello world")
    0
    >>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
    1
    """
    import re
    
    # Split the string into sentences using '.', '?', or '!' as delimiters
    sentences = re.split(r'[.?!]', S)
    
    count = 0
    for sentence in sentences:
        # Strip leading/trailing whitespace
        sentence = sentence.strip()
        # Check if the sentence starts with "I" followed by a space or is exactly "I"
        if sentence == "I" or sentence.startswith("I "):
            # Further check that "I" is a standalone word (not part of another word)
            # Since we split by sentence boundaries and stripped, we can check word boundary
            # Use regex to ensure "I" is a whole word at the start
            if re.match(r'^I(\s|$)', sentence):
                count += 1
    
    return count

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmphtohnq6v/solution.py", line 65, in <module>
    check(is_bored)
  File "/tmp/tmphtohnq6v/solution.py", line 62, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmphtohnq6v/solution.py", line 55, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def can_arrange(arr):
    """Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which
    is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If
    no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain
    duplicate values.

    Examples:
    can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3
    can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def can_arrange(arr):
    """Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which
    is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If
    no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain
    duplicate values.

    Examples:
    can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3
    can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1
    """

def can_arrange(arr):
    """Create a function which returns the largest index of an element which
    is not greater than or equal to the element immediately preceding it. If
    no such element exists then return -1. The given array will not contain
    duplicate values.

    Examples:
    can_arrange([1,2,4,3,5]) = 3
    can_arrange([1,2,3]) = -1
    """
    largest_index = -1
    for i in range(1, len(arr)):
        if arr[i] < arr[i - 1]:
            largest_index = i
    return largest_index

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
    """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
    Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
    >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
    [1, 3, 4]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
    """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
    Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
    >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
    [1, 3, 4]
    """

from typing import List


def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
    """ From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
    Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
    >>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
    [1, 3, 4]
    """
    count = {}
    for num in numbers:
        count[num] = count.get(num, 0) + 1
    return [num for num in numbers if count[num] == 1]

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.
    For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.
    E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.

    >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')
    [2, 3, 1, 3]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.
    For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.
    E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.

    >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')
    [2, 3, 1, 3]
    """

from typing import List


def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.
    For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.
    E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.

    >>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')
    [2, 3, 1, 3]
    """
    groups = paren_string.split()
    result = []
    for group in groups:
        max_depth = 0
        current_depth = 0
        for char in group:
            if char == '(':
                current_depth += 1
                if current_depth > max_depth:
                    max_depth = current_depth
            elif char == ')':
                current_depth -= 1
        result.append(max_depth)
    return result

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

from typing import List


def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.

from typing import List


def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """

from typing import List


def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
    """ Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
    Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
    not last.

    Here is a legend:
    'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
    'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
    '.|' - quater note, lasts one beat

    >>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
    [4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
    """
    notes = music_string.split()
    result = []
    for note in notes:
        if note == 'o':
            result.append(4)
        elif note == 'o|':
            result.append(2)
        elif note == '.|':
            result.append(1)
    return result

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.



def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """

def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
    """
    pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
    it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
    sum to zero, and False otherwise.
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
    False
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
    True
    >>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
    False
    """
    seen = set()
    for num in l:
        if -num in seen:
            return True
        seen.add(num)
    return False

sandbox: passed=true returncode=0 timed_out=false

def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''

def check_if_last_char_is_a_letter(txt):
    '''
    Create a function that returns True if the last character
    of a given string is an alphabetical character and is not
    a part of a word, and False otherwise.
    Note: "word" is a group of characters separated by space.

    Examples:
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pie") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e") ➞ True
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("apple pi e ") ➞ False
    check_if_last_char_is_a_letter("") ➞ False 
    '''
    if not txt:
        return False
    
    # Strip trailing spaces
    stripped = txt.rstrip()
    if not stripped:
        return False
    
    # Check if the last character is an alphabetical character
    if not stripped[-1].isalpha():
        return False
    
    # Check if the last character is not part of a word
    # It should be preceded by a space or be the only character
    if len(stripped) == 1:
        return True
    
    # If the character before the last is a space, then it's a standalone word
    if stripped[-2] == ' ':
        return True
    
    return False

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpt02w_7dx/solution.py", line 70, in <module>
    check(check_if_last_char_is_a_letter)
  File "/tmp/tmpt02w_7dx/solution.py", line 67, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpt02w_7dx/solution.py", line 60, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def valid_date(date):
    """You have to write a function which validates a given date string and
    returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.
    The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:
    1. The date string is not empty.
    2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.
    3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.
    4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy

    for example: 
    valid_date('03-11-2000') => True

    valid_date('15-01-2012') => False

    valid_date('04-0-2040') => False

    valid_date('06-04-2020') => True

    valid_date('06/04/2020') => False
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def valid_date(date):
    """You have to write a function which validates a given date string and
    returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.
    The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:
    1. The date string is not empty.
    2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.
    3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.
    4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy

    for example: 
    valid_date('03-11-2000') => True

    valid_date('15-01-2012') => False

    valid_date('04-0-2040') => False

    valid_date('06-04-2020') => True

    valid_date('06/04/2020') => False
    """

def valid_date(date):
    """You have to write a function which validates a given date string and
    returns True if the date is valid otherwise False.
    The date is valid if all of the following rules are satisfied:
    1. The date string is not empty.
    2. The number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 31 days for months 1,3,5,7,8,10,12. And the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 30 days for months 4,6,9,11. And, the number of days is not less than 1 or higher than 29 for the month 2.
    3. The months should not be less than 1 or higher than 12.
    4. The date should be in the format: mm-dd-yyyy

    for example: 
    valid_date('03-11-2000') => True

    valid_date('15-01-2012') => False

    valid_date('04-0-2040') => False

    valid_date('06-04-2020') => True

    valid_date('06/04/2020') => False
    """
    if not date:
        return False
    
    # Check format: mm-dd-yyyy
    parts = date.split('-')
    if len(parts) != 3:
        return False
    
    mm_str, dd_str, yyyy_str = parts
    
    # Check that each part is numeric
    if not mm_str.isdigit() or not dd_str.isdigit() or not yyyy_str.isdigit():
        return False
    
    # Check year length (should be 4 digits)
    if len(yyyy_str) != 4:
        return False
    
    # Check month and day lengths (should be 2 digits each)
    if len(mm_str) != 2 or len(dd_str) != 2:
        return False
    
    month = int(mm_str)
    day = int(dd_str)
    year = int(yyyy_str)
    
    # Rule 3: Month should be between 1 and 12
    if month < 1 or month > 12:
        return False
    
    # Rule 2: Day validation based on month
    if month in [1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12]:
        if day < 1 or day > 31:
            return False
    elif month in [4, 6, 9, 11]:
        if day < 1 or day > 30:
            return False
    elif month == 2:
        # Check for leap year
        is_leap = (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0)
        if is_leap:
            if day < 1 or day > 29:
                return False
        else:
            if day < 1 or day > 28:
                return False
    
    return True

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmppnizkcei/solution.py", line 103, in <module>
    check(valid_date)
  File "/tmp/tmppnizkcei/solution.py", line 100, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmppnizkcei/solution.py", line 93, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def odd_count(lst):
    """Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.
    Each element i of the output should be "the number of odd elements in the
    string i of the input." where all the i's should be replaced by the number
    of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.

    >>> odd_count(['1234567'])
    ["the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput."]
    >>> odd_count(['3',"11111111"])
    ["the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.",
     "the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput."]
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def odd_count(lst):
    """Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.
    Each element i of the output should be "the number of odd elements in the
    string i of the input." where all the i's should be replaced by the number
    of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.

    >>> odd_count(['1234567'])
    ["the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput."]
    >>> odd_count(['3',"11111111"])
    ["the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.",
     "the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput."]
    """

def odd_count(lst):
    """Given a list of strings, where each string consists of only digits, return a list.
    Each element i of the output should be "the number of odd elements in the
    string i of the input." where all the i's should be replaced by the number
    of odd digits in the i'th string of the input.

    >>> odd_count(['1234567'])
    ["the number of odd elements 4n the str4ng 4 of the 4nput."]
    >>> odd_count(['3',"11111111"])
    ["the number of odd elements 1n the str1ng 1 of the 1nput.",
     "the number of odd elements 8n the str8ng 8 of the 8nput."]
    """
    result = []
    for s in lst:
        odd_count_val = sum(1 for c in s if int(c) % 2 != 0)
        count_str = str(odd_count_val)
        # Replace all occurrences of 'i' with the count_str
        # The pattern is: "the number of odd elements i n the str i ng i of the i nput."
        # So we replace 'i' with the count_str
        template = "the number of odd elements i n the str i ng i of the i nput."
        new_str = template.replace('i', count_str)
        result.append(new_str)
    return result

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpinihntnf/solution.py", line 58, in <module>
    check(odd_count)
  File "/tmp/tmpinihntnf/solution.py", line 55, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmpinihntnf/solution.py", line 48, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """

def is_simple_power(x, n):
    """Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
    power of n and false in other cases.
    x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
    For example:
    is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
    is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
    is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
    is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
    is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
    """
    # Handle edge cases
    if n == 0:
        # 0**k is 0 for k > 0, 0**0 is 1
        if x == 0:
            return True
        elif x == 1:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    if n == 1:
        # 1**k is always 1
        return x == 1
    if x == 0:
        return False
    if x == 1:
        # n**0 = 1 for any n != 0
        return True
    
    # For negative bases, we need to check if x can be expressed as n**k for some integer k
    # We'll handle positive and negative x separately
    
    if x < 0:
        # If n is positive, n**k is always positive, so x cannot be a power
        if n > 0:
            return False
        # If n is negative, n**k can be negative when k is odd
        # We can work with absolute values
        abs_x = -x
        abs_n = -n
    else:
        abs_x = x
        abs_n = n
    
    # Now abs_x > 0 and abs_n > 0
    # Check if abs_x is a power of abs_n
    while abs_x % abs_n == 0:
        abs_x = abs_x // abs_n
    return abs_x == 1

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp22vz9q0j/solution.py", line 85, in <module>
    check(is_simple_power)
  File "/tmp/tmp22vz9q0j/solution.py", line 82, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp22vz9q0j/solution.py", line 75, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

Complete the following Python function. Reply with the complete implementation in a single ```python code block and no prose.


def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """

def order_by_points(nums):
    """
    Write a function which sorts the given list of integers
    in ascending order according to the sum of their digits.
    Note: if there are several items with similar sum of their digits,
    order them based on their index in original list.

    For example:
    >>> order_by_points([1, 11, -1, -11, -12]) == [-1, -11, 1, -12, 11]
    >>> order_by_points([]) == []
    """
    def digit_sum(n):
        # Sum of digits, ignoring the sign
        return sum(int(d) for d in str(abs(n)))
    
    # Enumerate to keep track of original indices
    indexed_nums = list(enumerate(nums))
    
    # Sort by (digit_sum, original_index)
    sorted_indexed = sorted(indexed_nums, key=lambda x: (digit_sum(x[1]), x[0]))
    
    # Extract the sorted numbers
    return [num for _, num in sorted_indexed]

sandbox: passed=false returncode=1 timed_out=false
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmp7mitaoud/solution.py", line 58, in <module>
    check(order_by_points)
  File "/tmp/tmp7mitaoud/solution.py", line 55, in check
    assertion(candidate(*inp), exp, 0)
  File "/tmp/tmp7mitaoud/solution.py", line 48, in assertion
    assert exact_match
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError